Question 1

At first, the most important conflict between Darwin's and Mendel's theories appeared to be that ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) Mendel's theory was based on experimentation while Darwin's was based on observation 
B) Mendel's experiments were based on simple traits while Darwin's evidence was based on complex characteristics 
C) Mendel's experiments were unbiased, while Darwin set out to prove evolution by natural selection 
D) Mendel's experiments were based on peas while Darwin used a variety of examples 
E) Darwin was a scientist while Mendel was a monk

Question 2

The specific discipline that linked Mendel's and Darwin's work was ____.

Accepted Answer

A) population ecology 
B) paleobiology 
C) population genetics 
D) biogeography 
E) modern synthesis

Question 3

An example of evolutionary divergence is best characterized by Darwin's observation of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) fossils along the coast of Argentina 
B) body armor similarities between armadillos and fossilized glyptodonts 
C) differences in appearance between nutria and beaver 
D) differences in bill shape and food habits of finches 
E) genotypic and phenotypic variability of species

Question 4

If we apply Darwin's theories to many characteristics that affect survival and reproduction, natural selection would cause the populations to become more different over time, a process called ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) morphological deviation 
B) artificial selection 
C) goal orientation 
D) evolutionary divergence 
E) genetic modification

Question 5

To determineconclusively that the 13 Galápagos finch species are descended from a common ancestor, biologists utilized ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Darwin's notebooks describing his observations 
B) comparative molecular biology ​ 
C) comparative embryology 
D) Mendelian genetics 
E) modern historical biogeography and Darwin's observations

Question 6

Some primitive snakes, like the ball python ( Python regius ), have vestigial forelimbs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Structures in an organism that have no current function are referred to as ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) homologous 
B) vestigial 
C) mutualistic 
D) fossils 
E) convergent

Question 8

New genetic variations sometimes become more common within populations because ____.

Accepted Answer

A) most parts of the genome are non-coding and available for selection 
B) proteins can be "recruited" for advantageous function 
C) the resulting proteins are advantageous and selected for by nature 
D) adaptation occurs rapidly in the few species that have survived through time 
E) mutations are able to select against genetic variations that had disadvantageous function

Question 9

The authors of the modern synthesis focused on evolutionary change within individuals. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

While on the H.M.S. Beagle, Darwin observed that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) organisms on the Galápagos Islands resembled species on the mainland 
B) armadillos and glyptodonts coexisted in some habitats but not others ​ 
C) similar organisms colonized similar habitats in South America and Europe 
D) organisms in different South American habitats resembled each other, but did not resemble organisms in similar European habitats 
E) no organisms resembled fossilized extinct animals

Question 11

Biological evolution occurs in ____ when specific processes cause genomes of organisms to differ from those of their ancestors. ​

Accepted Answer

A) individuals 
B) populations 
C) communities 
D) phenotypes 
E) genotypes

Question 12

Monkeys in Africa and Asia most recently evolved from ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) a different common ancestor than monkeys in South America ​ 
B) a shared common ancestor with monkeys in South America 
C) multiple common ancestors 
D) different common ancestors than one another 
E) a common ancestor on a neighboring island

Question 13

Georges Cuvier and his followers developed the theory of ____, reasoning that each layer of fossils represented the remains of organisms that had died as a result of dramatic shifts in ancient environments. ​

Accepted Answer

A) fossilization 
B) uniformitarianism ​ 
C) sedimentation 
D) catastrophism 
E) gradualism

Question 14

Darwin hypothesized that advantageous hereditary traits in nature would become more common in populations due to the process of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) inheriting acquired traits 
B) use and disuse 
C) selective breeding 
D) artificial selection 
E) natural selection

Question 15

Pigs have feet with toes that do not touch the ground. These toes are examples of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) vestigial structures 
B) evolving structures 
C) homologous traits 
D) deleterious mutations 
E) biological gradualism

Question 16

Woolly mammoths were determined to be more closely related to Asian elephants than to African elephants on the basis of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA sequencing of nuclear genes ​ 
B) fossilized morphological evidence 
C) embryological evidence inferred from fossils 
D) mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences 
E) cytochrome c amino acid sequences

Question 17

Genetically based characteristics that make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce are referred to as ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) acquired characteristics 
B) adaptive traits 
C) favored characteristics 
D) selective traits 
E) divergent characteristics

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: ulna

Accepted Answer

The Answer of  G and  F and  is...

Question 19

Recently discovered fossils reveal that many dinosaurian ancestors of birds had ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) boneless tails 
B) toothless mouths 
C) enlarged forelimbs 
D) wings 
E) feathers

Question 20

Explain how observing artificial selection provides an inference for natural selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how observing artificial selection provides an...

Exam 20: The Development of Evolutionary Thought

At first, the most important conflict between Darwin's and Mendel's theories appeared to be that ____.

The specific discipline that linked Mendel's and Darwin's work was ____.

An example of evolutionary divergence is best characterized by Darwin's observation of ____.

If we apply Darwin's theories to many characteristics that affect survival and reproduction, natural selection would cause the populations to become more different over time, a process called ____.

To determineconclusively that the 13 Galápagos finch species are descended from a common ancestor, biologists utilized ____.

Some primitive snakes, like the ball python ( Python regius ), have vestigial forelimbs.

Structures in an organism that have no current function are referred to as ____.

New genetic variations sometimes become more common within populations because ____.

The authors of the modern synthesis focused on evolutionary change within individuals.

While on the H.M.S. Beagle, Darwin observed that ____.

Biological evolution occurs in ____ when specific processes cause genomes of organisms to differ from those of their ancestors.

Monkeys in Africa and Asia most recently evolved from ____.

Georges Cuvier and his followers developed the theory of ____, reasoning that each layer of fossils represented the remains of organisms that had died as a result of dramatic shifts in ancient environments.

Darwin hypothesized that advantageous hereditary traits in nature would become more common in populations due to the process of ____.

Pigs have feet with toes that do not touch the ground. These toes are examples of ____.

Woolly mammoths were determined to be more closely related to Asian elephants than to African elephants on the basis of ____.

Genetically based characteristics that make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce are referred to as ____.

LABELING Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Examine the following figure depicting homologous bones in mammalian forelimbs. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate bone structure. Note that homologous bones are pictured in the same color. Figure 20.1

Recently discovered fossils reveal that many dinosaurian ancestors of birds had ____.

Explain how observing artificial selection provides an inference for natural selection.

Exam 20: The Development of Evolutionary Thought

At first, the most important conflict between Darwin's and Mendel's theories appeared to be that ____. ​

The specific discipline that linked Mendel's and Darwin's work was ____.

An example of evolutionary divergence is best characterized by Darwin's observation of ____.

If we apply Darwin's theories to many characteristics that affect survival and reproduction, natural selection would cause the populations to become more different over time, a process called ____. ​

To determineconclusively that the 13 Galápagos finch species are descended from a common ancestor, biologists utilized ____.

Some primitive snakes, like the ball python ( Python regius ), have vestigial forelimbs.

Structures in an organism that have no current function are referred to as ____. ​

New genetic variations sometimes become more common within populations because ____.

The authors of the modern synthesis focused on evolutionary change within individuals. ​

While on the H.M.S. Beagle, Darwin observed that ____.

Biological evolution occurs in ____ when specific processes cause genomes of organisms to differ from those of their ancestors. ​

Monkeys in Africa and Asia most recently evolved from ____. ​

Georges Cuvier and his followers developed the theory of ____, reasoning that each layer of fossils represented the remains of organisms that had died as a result of dramatic shifts in ancient environments. ​

Darwin hypothesized that advantageous hereditary traits in nature would become more common in populations due to the process of ____.

Pigs have feet with toes that do not touch the ground. These toes are examples of ____.

Woolly mammoths were determined to be more closely related to Asian elephants than to African elephants on the basis of ____.

Genetically based characteristics that make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce are referred to as ____. ​

LABELING Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Examine the following figure depicting homologous bones in mammalian forelimbs. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate bone structure. Note that homologous bones are pictured in the same color. Figure 20.1

Recently discovered fossils reveal that many dinosaurian ancestors of birds had ____. ​

Explain how observing artificial selection provides an inference for natural selection.

At first, the most important conflict between Darwin's and Mendel's theories appeared to be that ____.

If we apply Darwin's theories to many characteristics that affect survival and reproduction, natural selection would cause the populations to become more different over time, a process called ____.

Structures in an organism that have no current function are referred to as ____.

The authors of the modern synthesis focused on evolutionary change within individuals.

Biological evolution occurs in ____ when specific processes cause genomes of organisms to differ from those of their ancestors.

Monkeys in Africa and Asia most recently evolved from ____.

Georges Cuvier and his followers developed the theory of ____, reasoning that each layer of fossils represented the remains of organisms that had died as a result of dramatic shifts in ancient environments.

Genetically based characteristics that make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce are referred to as ____.

Recently discovered fossils reveal that many dinosaurian ancestors of birds had ____.