Question 1

Except for the stop codons, the codons in the genetic code specify which of the ____ amino acids will be added to a growing polypeptide chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  64 
C)  4 
D)  20 
E)  3

Question 2

At the start of translation, the initiator tRNA pairs with the start codon at the ____ of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  A (aminoacyl) site 
B)  promoter 
C)  P (peptidyl) site 
D)  ribosomal binding site 
E)  E (exit) site

Question 3

The reading frame for translation is established by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of the cap from the mRNA 
B)  pairing of the initiator tRNA with the start codon 
C)  the first base in the mRNA molecule 
D)  the ribosome binding site 
E)  the poly(
A)  tail

Question 4

The ribosome binding site in an mRNA transcript is located ____ and is where ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  at the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in prokaryotes 
B)  just upstream of the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in eukaryotes 
C)  at the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in eukaryotes 
D)  on aminoacyl-tRNA; the large ribosomal subunit binds to tRNA in prokaryotes 
E)  just upstream of the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in prokaryotes

Question 5

The regions retained in finished mRNA transcripts after pre-mRNA processing are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spliceosomes 
B)  snRNPs 
C)  exons 
D)  domains 
E)  introns

Question 6

List two main differences between the processes of transcription and DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List two main differences between the processes...

Question 7

Protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes are transcribed by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase I 
B)  RNA polymerase II 
C)  RNA polymerase III 
D)  either RNA polymerase I or III 
E)  either RNA polymerase II or III

Question 8

Proteins called transcription factors are involved in ____ of transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  both initiation and termination stages 
B)  both initiation and elongation stages 
C)  the termination stage 
D)  the initiation stage 
E)  the initiation, elongation, and termination stages

Question 9

Pre-mRNA is found____.

Accepted Answer

A)  only in prokaryotes 
B)  in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotes 
C)  only in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes 
D)  in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
E)  only in the nucleus of eukaryotes

Question 10

Substitution of one base pair for another in a coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where the changed codon specifies a different amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense

Question 11

In an mRNA transcript, the 3' UTR refers to the region of the mRNA that is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  upstream from the start codon 
B)  upstream from the site for initiation of transcription 
C)  downstream from the stop codon 
D)  the coding region 
E)  downstream from the site for termination of transcription

Question 12

Describe the process of mRNA splicing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the process of mRNA splicing....

Question 13

The central dogma describes the flow of information of gene expression as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA ->RNA ->protein 
B)  RNA ->DNA 
C)  RNA ->DNA ->protein 
D)  protein ->DNA ->RNA 
E)  DNA ->protein ->RNA

Question 14

Substitution of one base pair for another in a coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where a codon specifying an amino acid is changed to a stop codon.

Accepted Answer

A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense

Question 15

Helper proteins that assist in protein folding are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  snRNPs 
B)  molecular chaperones 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  spliceosomes 
E)  polysomes

Question 16

Translation ends when a stop codon in the ____ site allows a ____ to bind there.

Accepted Answer

A)  P; release factor 
B)  A; terminator tRNA 
C)  E; terminator tRNA 
D)  A; release factor 
E)  P; terminator tRNA

Question 17

Pre-mRNA is modified on its 5' end by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  exon shuffling 
B)  the addition of a poly(
A)  tail 
C)  mRNA splicing 
D)  the addition of a guanine cap 
E)  aminoacylation

Question 18

Describe how exon shuffling could lead to the formation of novel proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how exon shuffling could lead to...

Question 19

Use the table above for questions 
-
Assume that an mRNA transcript is synthesized complementary to this DNA sequence:
3'-CTTACATGGCATCC-5'
See the provided genetic code table. If the start codon is considered the first codon, which amino acid is specified by the second codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  asparagine 
B)  tyrosine 
C)  arginine 
D)  proline 
E)  cysteine

Question 20

With minor exceptions, the genetic code ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same for all living organisms and viruses 
B)  is specialized so that viruses use a different code from all living organisms 
C)  differs between different organisms and viruses 
D)  is the same for all viruses and for single-celled organisms, but is more complex in multicellular organisms 
E)  has three versions: one for viruses, one for single-celled organisms, and one for multicellular organisms

Exam 15: Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein