Question 1

Figure 18.1 
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Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Of the fragments labeled A-D, which is closest to the positive electrode?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  It is impossible to tell.

Question 2

During DNA cloning, why is the DNA of interest inserted into the middle of the lacZ+coding sequence in the plasmid vector?

Accepted Answer

A)  It makes the bacteria resistant to the antibiotic. 
B)  It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the plasmid from those that do not. 
C)  It aids scientists in developing new antibiotic treatments. 
D)  It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the recombinant plasmid from those that contain just the vector. 
E)  It makes the bacteria produce more clones.

Question 3

Figure 18.1
-
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. What does letter E represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  different RNA molecules transcribed from a coding region of DNA 
B)  the products of a PCR reaction in which the primers annealed to multiple sites 
C)  the products of a PCR reaction performed without one of the nucleoside triphosphates 
D)  the products of a PCR reaction that had more than two primers 
E)  a DNA marker ladder

Question 4

Recombinant DNA is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA encoding restriction endonucleases 
B)  a gene of interest found in the genome 
C)  DNA fragments from the same organism that have been joined together to form a single molecule 
D)  DNA fragments from two or more different sources that have been joined together to form a single molecule 
E)  a plasmid containing DNA from a single source

Question 5

What is another name for a short tandem repeat (STR) sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  minisatellite 
B)  microsatellite 
C)  microRNAs (miRNAs) 
D)  STDs 
E)  lncRNAs

Question 6

Germline and somatic gene therapy are used to treat human genetic diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Restriction enzyme-generated DNA fragments of different lengths from the same region of the genome are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA elements 
B)  endonuclease sites 
C)  restriction sites 
D)  restriction fragment length polymorphisms 
E)  restriction elements

Question 8

The protein-coding region of a eukaryotic gene ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  can be amplified directly from the genome 
B)  is obtained by producing a cDNA copy from the gene's transcript 
C)  contains introns, so an mRNA copy must be produced from the gene's transcript 
D)  contains exons that are removed by restriction enzymes, while the remaining introns are ligated together 
E)  contains introns that are removed by restriction enzymes, while the remaining exons are ligated together

Question 9

When cloning DNA into bacteria, the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequence is inserted into a plasmid 
B)  DNA sequence is inserted into the bacterial chromosome 
C)  linear DNA sequence is circularized, thus generating a plasmid 
D)  new DNA is directly introduced into the bacterial cell 
E)  approach depends on the species of host bacteria used in the experiment

Question 10

A researcher wants to insert a DNA fragment into a plasmid. Which enzyme will join the two DNA molecules together?

Accepted Answer

A)  primase 
B)  β-galactosidase 
C)  restriction endonuclease 
D)  DNA ligase 
E)  DNA polymerase

Question 11

An organism whose genome has been modified to change a genetic trait or traits by using traditional breeding techniques, classical genetic approaches, or modern molecular manipulation techniques is called a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterium 
B)  clone 
C)  transcriptionally modified organism 
D)  genetically altered organism 
E)  somatic organism

Question 12

Reverse-transcriptase PCR ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  uses Taq polymerase to produce cDNA copies of RNA transcripts 
B)  uses RNA polymerase to amplify cDNA copies of RNA transcripts 
C)  uses RNA polymerase to produce mRNA copies of a gene 
D)  amplifies cDNA copies of RNA transcripts 
E)  uses reverse transcriptase to produce mRNA copies of a gene

Question 13

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are used to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  test the effectiveness of different restriction enzymes on a sequence of DNA 
B)  compare the DNA sequences between individuals by looking for changes in restriction enzyme digest patterns 
C)  compare the full DNA sequences of two individuals 
D)  prepare DNA for further sequence analysis 
E)  treat sickle-cell anemia

Question 14

Explain the ethical concerns with germline gene therapy in humans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the ethical concerns with germline gene...

Question 15

The vectors used in somatic gene therapy are mostly _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial plasmids 
B)  eukaryotic plasmids 
C)  retroviruses or inactivated viruses 
D)  DNA viruses and reactivated viruses 
E)  naked genes

Question 16

A researcher is interested in studying gene X, but not gene Y, in Drosophila . What does she need to amplify only gene X from the Drosophila genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  some prior knowledge of the gene X sequence so that appropriate primers can be designed 
B)  a heat-stable restriction endonuclease 
C)  restriction endonucleases that cut gene X, but not gene Y 
D)  a cloning vector that has multiple antibiotic resistance genes 
E)  a cloning vector that will ligate to gene X, but not to gene Y

Question 17

Reverse transcriptase creates a single-stranded DNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA template.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Copies of recombinant DNA are produced in a genetically engineered organism by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse transcriptase 
B)  exonucleases 
C)  restriction endonucleases 
D)  DNA ligase 
E)  DNA polymerase

Question 19

If a restriction endonuclease cuts a linear DNA three times, how many fragments should there be after the DNA is subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose gel?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 20

Bioinformatics combines the fields of ____ to extract information from biological data.

Accepted Answer

A)  computer science and social science 
B)  mathematics and social science 
C)  mathematics and computer science 
D)  biology and history 
E)  biology and physics

Exam 18: Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Figure 18.1 - Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Of the fragments labeled A-D, which is closest to the positive electrode?

During DNA cloning, why is the DNA of interest inserted into the middle of the lacZ⁺coding sequence in the plasmid vector?

Figure 18.1 - Answer the question using the accompanying figure. What does letter E represent?