Question 1

________ is a defense mechanism that prevents unpleasant memories from entering consciousness by anxiety.

Accepted Answer

A) Repression 
B) Regression 
C) Leveling 
D) Amnesia

Question 2

To falsely remember a word after studying a list of words highly related to the target is

Accepted Answer

A) false verbal memory 
B) confabulation 
C) post-distortion 
D) conjunction error

Question 3

In a word recall experiment, falsely recalling the target word occurs approximately _____ of the time.

Accepted Answer

A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 68% 
D) 74%

Question 4

Providing a narrative account of an autobiographical event that never happened is

Accepted Answer

A) false verbal memory 
B) confabulation 
C) post-distortion 
D) conjunction error

Question 5

The use of a previously acquired schema when recalling complex events often leads to factual errors.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) retroactive interference 
B) response competition 
C) reconstructive retrieval 
D) failure to store

Question 6

Schemas help us in

Accepted Answer

A) learning 
B) fabricating how past events most likely unfolded 
C) representing everything that we know 
D) all of the above

Question 7

Explain three processes that contribute to the inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony.How does each process work to create false memories?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain three processes that contribute to the...

Question 8

With the passage of time, repeated attempts to recall a story result in

Accepted Answer

A) magnification of leveling, sharpening and assimilation 
B) a plateau in leveling, sharpening and assimilation 
C) decreasing levels of leveling, sharpening and assimilation 
D) none of the above

Question 9

Selective encoding of information that fits prior knowledge is an encoding distortion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Remembering a time and place because of an extreme event is called

Accepted Answer

A) a substitution memory 
B) a flashbulb memory 
C) assimilation 
D) integration

Question 11

Schemas help _______ memories.

Accepted Answer

A) distort 
B) construct 
C) encode 
D) all of the above

Question 12

Loftus found that leading questions following the witnessing of an auto accident resulted in higher judgment of speeds when the question contained the word ________.

Accepted Answer

A) smashed 
B) collided 
C) hit 
D) contacted

Question 13

An illusion of memory in which an individual who strongly believes a bizarre event can occur experiences a memory of the event is called

Accepted Answer

A) a flashbulb memory 
B) an implanted memory 
C) a delusional false memory 
D) a recovered memory

Question 14

Memory distortions can arise from

Accepted Answer

A) reconstructive retrieval 
B) flawed encoding 
C) failure to attribute mental experience to the proper source 
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is not an explanation for inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony?

Accepted Answer

A) selective encoding by the witness 
B) slanted questioning 
C) faulty courtroom schemas 
D) implanted memories

Question 16

To lose detail in the retelling of a story is

Accepted Answer

A) leveling 
B) sharpening 
C) assimilation 
D) sub-encoding

Question 17

In order to recall where and how a memory is encoded one must use

Accepted Answer

A) source monitoring 
B) personal reflection 
C) schematic recall 
D) reconstructive recall

Question 18

__________ can involve bizarre events that could not possibly be true, however the patient believes that the events happened.

Accepted Answer

A) Selective retrieval 
B) Repressed memories 
C) Confabulation 
D) Assimilation

Question 19

Explain an argument challenging the validity of trauma-induced amnesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain an argument challenging the validity of...

Question 20

Suppose I asked you what you were doing at 5 p.m.on February 11,1993.Suppose that you thought to yourself the following: "Well, I was in high school then, and I would have probably been heading home from swimming practice about that time." What does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) semantic encoding 
B) organization encoding 
C) reconstructive retrieval 
D) mnemonic retrieval

Exam 6: Memory Distortions