Question 1

Which of the following is an example of concrete representation?

Accepted Answer

A) base-10 blocks showing 321 
B) pictures of base-10 blocks showing 321 
C) written number 321 
D) number sentence 99 + 222 = 321

Question 2

Learning at two levels, experience and abstraction, is proposed by:

Accepted Answer

A) Lev Vygotsky. 
B) Jerome Bruner. 
C) Richard Skemp. 
D) Edward Thorndike.

Question 3

Memorizing the steps in long division is:

Accepted Answer

A) an example of procedural learning. 
B) an example of conceptual learning. 
C) a learning objective for second grade. 
D) an indication of mathematical understanding.

Question 4

The zone of proximal development and scaffolding are ideas about learning put forth by:

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Piaget. 
B) Lev Vygotsky. 
C) Jerome Bruner. 
D) Richard Skemp.

Question 5

The theory of multiple intelligences is the idea put forth by:

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Piaget. 
B) Jerome Bruner. 
C) Zoltan Dienes. 
D) Howard Gardner.

Question 6

Based on research, Grouws and Cebulla recommend classroom practices such as:

Accepted Answer

A) learning mathematics through solving problems. 
B) active student learning engagement with conversations about learning. 
C) emphasizing number sense, mental calculations, and estimation. 
D) all of these options are correct.

Question 7

ERIC is:

Accepted Answer

A) a searchable database of educational articles, research, and teaching ideas. 
B) expensive to join and use. 
C) available only at university libraries. 
D) all of these options are correct.

Question 8

The theory that suggests that children must understand what they are learning if learning is to be permanent was put forth by:

Accepted Answer

A) Jerome Bruner. 
B) Jean Piaget. 
C) William Brownell. 
D) Lev Vygotsky.

Question 9

According to research by LeFrancois, the memories that are stored and retrieved by the brain are apparently controlled by all of the following except :

Accepted Answer

A) the learner's learning style. 
B) the learner's emotions. 
C) the learner's motivations. 
D) the learner's intentions.

Question 10

Explain how the common theme in the theories put forth by Skemp, Dienes, and Bruner affect children's learning of mathematics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the common theme in the...

Question 11

The brain model of human learning suggested by Hart emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

A) the importance of finding and using patterns. 
B) learning through repetition. 
C) storage and retrieval mechanisms in learning. 
D) developmental stages of learning.

Question 12

Classification of objects helps students develop:

Accepted Answer

A) concepts of size such as big and small. 
B) concept of colors. 
C) common characteristics of different objects. 
D) concepts of size and colors, and common characteristics of different objects.

Question 13

The theory of social constructivism that emphasizes the social context of learning is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) Jerome Bruner. 
B) Richard Skemp. 
C) Edward Thorndike. 
D) Lev Vygotsky.

Question 14

Explain why it is important for teachers to know about learning theorists when teaching elementary mathematics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why it is important for teachers...

Question 15

Hart puts forth six premises about how the brain is built to learn. Give two of his premises with accompanying examples to illustrate how you would use this information in teaching children mathematics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hart puts forth six premises about how...

Question 16

Disequilibrium during learning:

Accepted Answer

A) should be avoided. 
B) refers to too much accommodation. 
C) refers to the balance of assimilation and accommodation. 
D) is a natural part of learning.

Question 17

Piaget suggested that cognitive development progresses through four stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and abstract). Choose two of these stages and explain what he meant by them. Give examples to help you explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piaget suggested that cognitive development progresses through...

Question 18

One cognitive theory called information processing uses a computer as a metaphor for how children learn. Explain the basic concepts of this metaphor as it relates to computers and children's learning processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One cognitive theory called information processing uses...

Question 19

Discuss the metaphor implied in the term "constructivism."

Accepted Answer

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Exam 4: Learning Mathematics