Question 1

By asking children how they know what they know, Piaget introduced the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence. 
B)  metacognition. 
C)  categorization. 
D)  morality.

Question 2

Freda has always given great importance to the passage of time over her life, even taking time to often reflect on it. According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, which of the following refers to this passage of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronosystem 
B)  Mesosystem 
C)  Microsystem 
D)  Macrosystem

Question 3

Which of the following terms best describes a worldview in which social behavior is guided by personal goals, ambitions, and pleasures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultural determinism 
B)  Individualism 
C)  Collectivism 
D)  Enculturation

Question 4

Charlie is a newborn. According to psychoanalytic theory, the most significant personality developments in Charlie's life took place or will take place during which of the following life stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  His prenatal period 
B)  The first five or six years of his life 
C)  His adolescence 
D)  His early adulthood

Question 5

Which statement BEST describes the laws of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genetic make-up of most species is remarkably similar. 
B)  Over time, species are becoming more and more responsive to radiation. 
C)  Over generations, species gradually change in response to changing environmental conditions. 
D)  Genetics alone account for species change.

Question 6

Describe what a theory is in your own words.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what a theory is in your...

Question 7

is a worldview in which social behavior is guided largely by personal goals and ambitions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Collectivism 
B)  Individualism 
C)  Enculturation 
D)  Ethnic group identity

Question 8

The comparative study of unique adaptive behaviors is called ethology. This type of study helps clarify            to the long-term survival of the species.

Accepted Answer

A)  the contributions of culture 
B)  the importance of males 
C)  the role of gender 
D)  the contributions of each generation

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes how theories help explain observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They determine correctness for specific contradictory examples. 
B)  They identify orderly relationships. 
C)  They are based on random sampling. 
D)  They bring about change.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is considered an assumption of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  All behavior is a result of cultural conditioning. 
B)  Children's behavior is rational and thoughtful. 
C)  All behavior is motivated. 
D)  Most behavior is a result of random factors that cannot be explained.

Question 11

According to psychosexual theory, what are the three basic structures of personality? Give the term for each and a definition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to psychosexual theory, what are the...

Question 12

Cultural theory provides insight into

Accepted Answer

A)  the cognitive mapping process worldwide. 
B)  learned systems of meanings and patterns of behavior shared by a group of people. 
C)  how two group events can occur very close together and produce similar responses. 
D)  observation and imitation of peer group role models.

Question 13

According to a systems theory, a system that maintains its organization, even though the parts constantly change, is considered

Accepted Answer

A)  elemental. 
B)  open. 
C)  erratic. 
D)  honest.

Question 14

Harvinder and Jasmine just had their first baby, Nina. According to psychoanalytic theory, what are the psychosexual stages though which Nina will develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 
B)  Id, ego, superego 
C)  Unconscious, preconscious, conscious 
D)  Reaction formation, projection, denial

Question 15

In terms of psychoanalytic theory, which of the following statements about defense mechanisms is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are so honest that they use only coping mechanisms. 
B)  Only very neurotic people use defense mechanisms. 
C)  The basic function of defense mechanisms is to protect the person from being overwhelmed by painful thoughts and feelings such as anxiety and guilt. 
D)  After a long period, defense mechanisms lead to higher levels of functioning.

Question 16

Any theory is generally limited to explaining behaviors that fall within that theory's _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  life stage 
B)  range of applicability 
C)  placebo effect 
D)  statistical significance

Question 17

Which of the following statements is considered a difference between psychosocial and psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychosocial theory does not suggest stages of development. 
B)  Psychosocial theory is not interested in child-rearing practices. 
C)  Psychosocial theory suggests directions for development beyond adolescence into adulthood and old age. 
D)  Psychosocial theory places greater emphasis on infancy and toddlerhood.

Question 18

Evolutionary theory places the study of individual development in the context of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning based on learning over time. 
B)  individual development in the context of the history of the species. 
C)  habituation with a mother/caregiver figure for survival. 
D)  biologically-guided genetic growth plans.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes a characteristic of formal operational thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowing is based primarily on instruction from others. 
B)  Logic is based on the creation of a system of interrelated rules that can be used for problem solving. 
C)  Knowing is based primarily on direct experience by the individual within a family context. 
D)  Logic is based largely on memories of past experiences.

Question 20

Species produce just enough offspring to survive and reproduce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Major Theories for Understanding Human Development