Question 1

Describe the similarities and differences between time-series and interrupted time-series designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the similarities and differences between time-series...

Question 2

Explain the benefits of adding a pretest to a nonequivalent control group design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the benefits of adding a pretest...

Question 3

What is one difference between a time-series design and an interrupted time-series design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Time series examines the effect of a treatment and interrupted time series examines the effect of an outside event. 
B)  Time series examines the effect of an outside event and interrupted time series examines the effect of a treatment. 
C)  Time series involves several observations before and after the treatment/event and interrupted time series has only one observation before and after. 
D)  Time series involves only one observation before and after the treatment/event and interrupted time series has several observations before and after.

Question 4

A cross-sectional developmental design is an example of the general category of ____ designs.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonequivalent group 
B)  Pretest-posttest 
C)  time-series 
D)  interrupted time-series

Question 5

A Pretest-posttest study is an example of a nonequivalent groups design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A differential research design is an example of a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonequivalent group design 
B)  experimental group design 
C)  time-series design 
D)  Pretest-posttest design

Question 7

The changes that occur as a person ages from child to adult to elderly are called cohort effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional...

Question 9

A researcher studies language development by selecting a sample of two-year-old children, a sample of three-year-old children, and a sample of four-year-old children. Each child's language skill is measured and the researcher plans to compare the scores for the three groups. This study is an example of a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  time-series design 
B)  interrupted time-series design 
C)  cross-sectional developmental design 
D)  longitudinal developmental design

Question 10

In a differential research design, the participant characteristic that is used to define the groups is called a(n) ____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  quasi-independent 
D)  quasi-dependent

Question 11

Describe the fundamental flaw that prevents a Pre-post design from being a true experiment. (That is, why can't these designs produce an unambiguous cause-and-effect explanation?) Explain how the series of observations before the treatment help reduce this problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the fundamental flaw that prevents a...

Question 12

A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age by examining different groups of individuals, with each group representing a different age, is called a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  time-series design 
B)  interrupted time-series design 
C)  cross-sectional developmental design 
D)  longitudinal developmental design

Question 13

What is one of the primary advantages of a Pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design, in comparison to other nonequivalent group designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posttest scores can help reduce threats from history effects. 
B)  Posttest scores can eliminate threats from history effects. 
C)  Pretest scores can help reduce the threat to internal validity that comes from individual differences. 
D)  Pretest scores can eliminate the threat to internal validity that comes from individual differences.

Question 14

A researcher introduces a new exercise program in the psychiatric ward of one hospital and uses the psychiatric ward at another hospital as a no-treatment control group. Before the program begins, the depressed patients in both hospitals are evaluated for their level of depression. After the program is in place for six months, the patients are evaluated again and the researcher compares the before and after scores for the two groups. This research study is classified as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  experimental 
C)  quasi-experimental 
D)  nonexperimental

Question 15

A researcher studies language development by selecting a sample of two-year-old children and giving them a language skill test. Each year for the next two years, the children are brought back and tested again. The researcher plans to compare the children's scores at age two, age three, and age four. This study is an example of a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  time-series design 
B)  interrupted time-series design 
C)  cross-sectional developmental design 
D)  longitudinal developmental design

Question 16

A research study that compared married men, divorced men, and single adult men is an example of the differential research design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

One group is measured before and after a treatment in a typical Pre-post study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The nonexperimental research strategy makes little to no effort to control threats to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A researcher assesses the reading level of third-graders on the first of every month for three months prior to administering a new reading program and for three months following the program. This study is an example of a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  time-series design 
B)  interrupted time-series design 
C)  cross-sectional design 
D)  longitudinal design

Question 20

A problem with nonequivalent group designs is that any differences found could be explained by differences in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  participant characteristics 
B)  history 
C)  fatigue 
D)  practice

Exam 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Describe the similarities and differences between time-series and interrupted time-series designs.

Explain the benefits of adding a pretest to a nonequivalent control group design.

What is one difference between a time-series design and an interrupted time-series design?

A cross-sectional developmental design is an example of the general category of ____ designs.

A Pretest-posttest study is an example of a nonequivalent groups design.

A differential research design is an example of a ____.

The changes that occur as a person ages from child to adult to elderly are called cohort effects.

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

In a differential research design, the participant characteristic that is used to define the groups is called a(n) ____ variable.

Describe the fundamental flaw that prevents a Pre-post design from being a true experiment. (That is, why can't these designs produce an unambiguous cause-and-effect explanation?) Explain how the series of observations before the treatment help reduce this problem.

A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age by examining different groups of individuals, with each group representing a different age, is called a(n) ____.

What is one of the primary advantages of a Pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design, in comparison to other nonequivalent group designs?

A research study that compared married men, divorced men, and single adult men is an example of the differential research design.

One group is measured before and after a treatment in a typical Pre-post study.

The nonexperimental research strategy makes little to no effort to control threats to internal validity.

A researcher assesses the reading level of third-graders on the first of every month for three months prior to administering a new reading program and for three months following the program. This study is an example of a(n) ____.

A problem with nonequivalent group designs is that any differences found could be explained by differences in ____.