Question 1

A direct current (DC) countershock, or cardioversion, should be used for sinus tachycardia in the field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

A ____ is characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, without warning, while seated or standing, which may be followed by a convulsion.

Accepted Answer

A)   PAC
B)   run of ventricular tachycardia
C)   Stokes-Adams attack
D)   PVC C

Question 3

Unifocal PVCs sometimes appear two in a row and are called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

couplets

Question 4

Myocardial ischemia can cause decreases in cellular automaticity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

____ are the result of enhanced automaticity of the bundle of His-Purkinje fibers, which occur under certain metabolic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Accelerated dysrhythmia rhythms
B)   Accelerated ectopic rhythms
C)   Accelerated idioventricular rhythms
D)   Accelerated self-limiting rhythms

Question 6

During atrial fibrillation, the atria are never depolarized as a unit, since multiple impulses depolarize small areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

After completing an initial survey and treating any life threats, the Paramedic should try to obtain a succinct history of the present illness, using a(n) ____ mnemonic.

Accepted Answer

A)   OPQRST
B)   SOPQRT
C)   POQRST
D)   OPQRTS

Question 8

Any time there is a pulse deficit of greater than ____ bpm, it is considered significant and should be treated.

Accepted Answer

A)   15
B)   20
C)   25
D)   30

Question 9

The ectopic foci fires at rates typically around 120 bpm with a range of 100 to 220 bpm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A(n) ____ is thought to be akin to a multifocal atrial tachycardia, without the tachycardia.

Accepted Answer

A)   wandering atrial pacemaker
B)   accelerated junctional rhythm
C)   wandering pacemaker
D)   wandering ventricular pacemaker

Question 11

____ is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that enhances sinus automaticity.

Accepted Answer

A)   Dysautonomia
B)   Sinusautonomia
C)   Inappropriate sinusautonomia
D)   Hypoxiautonomia

Question 12

While AIVR is a ventricular rhythm, the usual treatments for ventricular dysrhythmia are not used.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Dysrhythmia, whether tachydysrhythmia or bradydysrhythmia, due to errors of automaticity represent a separate class of dysrhythmia and require a different approach to treatment both in the field and in the hospital.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A ____ is identifiable not only by the loss of rhythm in a sinus rhythm, as manifest by a single irregular R to R ratio, but sometimes by the escape beat that tends to intercede between the sinus rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)   sinus arrest
B)   sinus complex
C)   sinus rhythm
D)   sinus pause

Question 15

Under normal circumstances, a wide complex tachycardia would not be cause for concern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When the atria are in ____________________, blood flow in portions of the atria-particularly near the valves-slows.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the atria are in ____________________, blood...

Question 17

A ____ is the result of an early depolarization of an irritable ectopic foci in the atria.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonconducted PAC
B)   premature junctional complex
C)   ventricular premature beat
D)   premature atrial complex

Question 18

A premature junctional complex (PJC) arises from either just above, within, or just below the junctional tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Stimulation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system will cause an increase in the slope of phase four, effectively increasing the spontaneous conduction of the myocardium, which is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased automaticity
B)   cellular automaticity
C)   accelerated automaticity
D)   junctional automaticity

Question 20

The primary cause of decreased automaticity is increased ____ stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)   atrial
B)   parasympathetic
C)   sympathetic
D)   sinus

Exam 4: Errors of Automaticity

A direct current (DC) countershock, or cardioversion, should be used for sinus tachycardia in the field.

A ____ is characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, without warning, while seated or standing, which may be followed by a convulsion.

Unifocal PVCs sometimes appear two in a row and are called ____________________.

Myocardial ischemia can cause decreases in cellular automaticity.

____ are the result of enhanced automaticity of the bundle of His-Purkinje fibers, which occur under certain metabolic conditions.

During atrial fibrillation, the atria are never depolarized as a unit, since multiple impulses depolarize small areas.

After completing an initial survey and treating any life threats, the Paramedic should try to obtain a succinct history of the present illness, using a(n) ____ mnemonic.

Any time there is a pulse deficit of greater than ____ bpm, it is considered significant and should be treated.

The ectopic foci fires at rates typically around 120 bpm with a range of 100 to 220 bpm.

A(n) ____ is thought to be akin to a multifocal atrial tachycardia, without the tachycardia.

____ is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that enhances sinus automaticity.

While AIVR is a ventricular rhythm, the usual treatments for ventricular dysrhythmia are not used.

Dysrhythmia, whether tachydysrhythmia or bradydysrhythmia, due to errors of automaticity represent a separate class of dysrhythmia and require a different approach to treatment both in the field and in the hospital.

A ____ is identifiable not only by the loss of rhythm in a sinus rhythm, as manifest by a single irregular R to R ratio, but sometimes by the escape beat that tends to intercede between the sinus rhythm.

Under normal circumstances, a wide complex tachycardia would not be cause for concern.

When the atria are in ____________________, blood flow in portions of the atria-particularly near the valves-slows.

A ____ is the result of an early depolarization of an irritable ectopic foci in the atria.

A premature junctional complex (PJC) arises from either just above, within, or just below the junctional tissue.

Stimulation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system will cause an increase in the slope of phase four, effectively increasing the spontaneous conduction of the myocardium, which is called ____.

The primary cause of decreased automaticity is increased ____ stimulation.