Question 1

Which of the following is an example of informal deviance in U.S. culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Driving five miles an hour over speeding laws 
B)  Underage drinking 
C)  Body piercing 
D)  Bigamy

Question 2

W. I. Thomas explained deviance as

Accepted Answer

A)  a response to social disorganization. 
B)  behavior one learns from others. 
C)  behavior frequently associated with crime. 
D)  varied behavior dependent on one's social bonds.

Question 3

List and discuss the six characteristics of deviant behavior identified by sociologists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and discuss the six characteristics of...

Question 4

Conflict theory understands deviance as being _____, while symbolic interaction emphasizes _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the result of social inequity; the role of learning 
B)  the result of labeling; the importance of social cohesion 
C)  necessary for social cohesion; the role of power structures 
D)  a learned behavior; the need for social cohesion

Question 5

Conflict and functionalist theories of deviance share

Accepted Answer

A)  an emphasis on individual motivation. 
B)  a focus on how a shared definition of a situation affects deviance. 
C)  an emphasis on the social structure in creating deviance. 
D)  a common understanding of the role of crime and the legal system in defining deviance.

Question 6

Cyberattacks against utilities such as nuclear power plants and against information systems such as those related to voter registration have become an increasing concern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the 1990s, the crack epidemic, which often affected poor, inner-city Black communities, was met with harsher sentencing laws. Today, when opioid overdoses are epidemic in white middle-class communities, the societal response is geared more toward treatment and prevention. This disparity in response is most consistent with which approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Functionalist 
B)  Conflict 
C)  Postmodern 
D)  Feminist

Question 8

Summarize the key differences between the functionalist and the conflict theories of deviance. Which current phenomena would be of most interest to a functionalist? To someone who espouses the conflict theory?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Define white-collar crime and corporate crime and give an example of each. Discuss the costs of white-collar and corporate crime to society and the difficulties in identifying and prosecuting these types of crimes.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Mr. Martin, a high school math teacher, notices that Bryan doesn't seem to pay attention in class and generally does poorly on assignments and tests.  He decides that Bryan must be lazy and relays his assessment to other teachers. Mr. Martin is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus. 
B)  labeling. 
C)  exploitation. 
D)  social control.

Question 11

Sociologists would consider _____ to be a form of _____ deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  crime; informal 
B)  crime; formal 
C)  rudeness; formal 
D)  rudeness; inherent

Question 12

Differential association theory explains deviance by

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizing how deviance is culturally transmitted. 
B)  focusing on who has the power to label behaviors as deviant. 
C)  making reference to societal goals and the means of achieving them. 
D)  noting that some people have more power than others to define what is considered deviant.

Question 13

Symbolic interactionist theories of deviance originated in _____ and looked to _____ to explain deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  the perspective of classical sociologists; individual characteristics 
B)  the perspective of the Chicago School of sociology; social conditions 
C)  the works of Karl Marx; class conflict 
D)  the ideas of Emile Durkheim; labeling effects

Question 14

Explain how labeling theory can be used to understand the ways in which deviant identities and deviant communities emerge.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

According to _____, people behave as they do because of the meanings they give to different situations. For example, whether binge drinking is seen as normal behavior or deviant may depend on whether a student attends a "party school" or a college that emphasizes more scholarly activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist theory 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  symbolic interaction theory 
D)  social control theory

Question 16

Labeling theorists would explain recidivism among those released from prison as

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior caused by the company they keep upon their release. 
B)  resulting from their anger at having been incarcerated. 
C)  a function of biology. 
D)  behavior caused by the difficulty in altering their classification as deviants.

Question 17

According to sociologists, the actions of the hijackers involved in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks are an example of _____ because their acts were committed to further their religious/political cause.

Accepted Answer

A)  anomic suicide 
B)  altruistic suicide 
C)  egoistic suicide 
D)  situational suicide

Question 18

According to Merton, an imbalance, or disjunction, between cultural goals and structurally available means can actually compel the individual into deviant behavior. Thus, someone who has legal way to earn a living may turn to illegal ways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

How does the criminal justice system perpetuate racial inequalities?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

_____ is an attribute that is socially devalued and discredited.

Accepted Answer

A)  Achieved status 
B)  Social stigma 
C)  Atypicality 
D)  Nonconformism

Exam 7: Deviance and Crime