Question 1

Pavlov supplemented the funds for his laboratory by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) training dogs for the upper class 
B) selling stomach juice 
C) teaching pitch recognition 
D) inserting fistulas into obese individuals

Question 2

Which of the following is not a result of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) milk-letdown when a baby cries 
B) more offspring produced 
C) judgments of causality 
D) all have been reported to result from classical conditioning

Question 3

Why is an excitatory context necessary for inhibitory conditioning? Describe two inhibitory conditioning procedures and identify the excitatory context in each procedure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is an excitatory context necessary for...

Question 4

In a bidirectional response system, subjects move away from an excitatory CS. You expect the subjects to _____ an inhibitory CS.

Accepted Answer

A) move away from 
B) approach 
C) show inhibition of delay to 
D) It cannot be determined.

Question 5

Describe four reasons why classical conditioning is of interest to psychologists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe four reasons why classical conditioning is...

Question 6

X-market uses a red light commonly found at traffic intersections to indicate a sale price. Y-market uses a blue light rarely seen by its customers to indicate a sale price. The customers at Y-market learn to run to the sale item much sooner than those at X-market. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a bidirectional response. 
B) the compound-stimulus principle. 
C) retardation of acquisition. 
D) inhibitory conditioning.

Question 7

The essential circuits for eyeblink conditioning appear to be located in the

Accepted Answer

A) hippocampus. 
B) cerebral cortex. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) corpus callosum.

Question 8

One group of rats receives a standard CS-US pairing on each trial. A second group of rats receives CS and US presentations at varying times and intervals such that the total number of CS and US exposures is equal to that of the first group. The second group is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a random control group 
B) a sensitization group 
C) a pseudo-conditioning group 
D) an explicitly unpaired control group

Question 9

A rat is trained to press a lever for a small amount of food. While pressing the lever at a steady rate, the rat is presented with a tone-light stimulus that had been previously paired with foot-shock. When the tone-light stimulus is on, the rat decreases its rate of lever pressing. This decrease is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) sign tracking. 
B) conditioned suppression. 
C) conditioned repression. 
D) unconditioned fear responding.

Question 10

The difficulty in investigating inhibitory conditioning of rabbit eyeblink responses is that

Accepted Answer

A) eyeblink in rabbits is a bidirectional response. 
B) there are low baseline levels of eyeblinking in rabbits. 
C) eyeblink is excitatory. 
D) eyeblink is already inhibitory.

Question 11

What is a control procedure for excitatory conditioning and what processes is the control procedure intended to rule out?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a control procedure for excitatory...

Question 12

Which of the following best describes backward conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) The US follows the CS. 
B) The US begins with the CS and continues after the CS terminates. 
C) The CS follows the US. 
D) The CS begins with the US and continues after the US terminates.

Question 13

The results of backward conditioning experiments demonstrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Backward conditioning results in inhibition of conditioned responding. 
B) Backward conditioning results in excitation of conditioned responding. 
C) The factors that determine the outcome of backward conditioning may depend on factors other than the CS being a good signal for the onset of the US. 
D) Simultaneous and backward conditioning procedures are similar.

Question 14

A hungry rat is exposed to a red light, followed by brief access to food. After several such trials, the rat approaches the light bulb when it is illuminated. In this example, the light is

Accepted Answer

A) an unconditional stimulus. 
B) a conditional stimulus. 
C) an unconditional response. 
D) a conditional response.

Question 15

Object learning involves making an association between which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) any two naturally occurring stimuli 
B) the same feature of two objects 
C) different features of the same object 
D) an arbitrary stimulus and a biologically relevant stimulus

Question 16

Taste aversion learning can occur under which of the following circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A) after just one CS-US pairing 
B) only if the subject is hungry 
C) only with very long delays between the CS and US 
D) only with tastes the subject knows well

Question 17

Pairing repeated presentations of a photograph of a water can with subsequent presentations of a photograph of a flower on a computer screen is likely to

Accepted Answer

A) have little effect on the conscious judgment of causality in normal human adults. 
B) affect informal judgments of causality in human adults, and will likely share features common to Pavlovian conditioning. 
C) affect informal judgments of causality in human adults, but in spite of surface similarities, does not have the features common to Pavlovian conditioning. 
D) impact judgments of causality in only well trained human subjects with experience in the experimental setting.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a bidirectional response system?

Accepted Answer

A) taste preferences 
B) heart rates 
C) rabbit eyeblinks 
D) temperatures

Question 19

What is pseudo-conditioning? Describe two control procedures that help to differentiate true conditioning from pseudo-conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is pseudo-conditioning? Describe two control procedures...

Question 20

One reason there is no best classical conditioning procedure is

Accepted Answer

A) because we are still determining the best interstimulus interval. 
B) because we are still determining the best intertrial interval. 
C) because subjects learn about CS-US associations and CS-US timing. 
D) because eyeblink conditioning always leads to the strongest responses.

Exam 3: Classical Conditioning