Question 1

After a wheel running accident, your pet rat no longer seems to be able to process reward magnitude and valence. You suspect trauma in the

Accepted Answer

A) striatum 
B) basal ganglia 
C) amygdala 
D) orbitofrontal cortex

Question 2

How are concurrent-chain schedules different from concurrent schedules, and what kinds of research questions require the use of concurrent-chain schedules?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are concurrent-chain schedules different from concurrent...

Question 3

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) a clerk at a fast food restaurant 
B) a gambler 
C) a mail delivery person 
D) a baker with a cake in the oven

Question 4

Your friend has a problem with procrastination and her grades are suffering. According to learning concepts, why is she procrastinating? What can you recommend that she do?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend has a problem with procrastination...

Question 5

Mr. Tallboys clothing shop has a sale every 4 weeks. The sale runs from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. This restriction on when you can buy items at reduced prices is called

Accepted Answer

A) a fixed hold. 
B) a limited hold. 
C) a variable hold. 
D) a ratio hold.

Question 6

Molar maximizing cannot explain why choice behavior is distributed so close to the matching relation on concurrent

Accepted Answer

A) FR1-FR1 schedules. 
B) VI-VI schedules. 
C) FR5-FR20 schedules. 
D) VR-VR schedules.

Question 7

The striatum and associated nuclei appear to be involved in the

Accepted Answer

A) affective code that modifies behavior. 
B) integration of positive and negative outcomes over multiple trials. 
C) indexing reward magnitude. 
D) executive control of behavior weighing value of alternative choices.

Question 8

When a VI schedule was yoked to a VR schedule so that pigeons on the VI schedule had the same opportunity to earn reinforcement as birds on the VR schedule,

Accepted Answer

A) subjects in both groups showed similar rates of responding. 
B) subjects in the VI group pecked more vigorously than those in the VR group. 
C) subjects in the VR group pecked more vigorously than those in the VI group. 
D) subjects in the VR group showed initially high levels of responding but their response rate quickly dropped to the rate of the VI subjects.

Question 9

Compare and contrast ratio and interval schedules in terms of how the contingencies of reinforcement are set up and the effects they have on the instrumental response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast ratio and interval schedules...

Question 10

According to molar maximizing theories of matching,

Accepted Answer

A) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time. 
B) organisms change from one response to another to improve on the local rate of reinforcement. 
C) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular response. 
D) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run.

Question 11

The relative rate of responding to key "B" is 0.6. According to the matching law, the relative rate of reinforcement on key "B" is very likely _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 0.6 
C) 4 
D) 0.4

Question 12

Concurrent schedules of reinforcement are used to measure

Accepted Answer

A) continuous choice behavior over time. 
B) choice behavior with commitment. 
C) partial reinforcement extinction effects. 
D) mechanisms of partial reinforcement extinction effects.

Question 13

Compare ratio and interval schedules. What patterns of behavior are generated by fixed and variable schedules?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare ratio and interval schedules. What patterns...

Question 14

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) a clerk at a fast food restaurant 
B) a gambler 
C) a mail delivery person 
D) a student waiting for her grades to come in the mail

Question 15

A pigeon responds more on key "A" than on key "B." The relative rate of responding to key "A" could be _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 0.79 
C) 0.5 
D) 0.3

Question 16

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a variable interval schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) calling to see if the mechanic is finished with your car 
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine 
C) checking the refrigerator to see if the jelly is done 
D) flipping burgers for $5.00 an hour

Question 17

Describe the generalized matching law equation and explain each of its parameters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the generalized matching law equation and...

Question 18

A pigeon in a Skinner box periodically receives access to food after pecking on a key. Sometimes the pigeon has to peck 3 or 4 times, sometimes 5, and sometime more. On average, the bird was reinforced every 5th peck. This pigeon was on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) variable ratio

Question 19

Art teachers must often deal with "artist's block" in their students. To break the block, they advise students to make a mark on the canvas with the paint brush. The professors are hoping to initiate

Accepted Answer

A) the post-reinforcement pause. 
B) a variable ratio schedule. 
C) a variable interval schedule. 
D) the ratio run.

Question 20

A rat that is pushing a lever and demonstrating long inter-response times is likely

Accepted Answer

A) responding at a high rate. 
B) responding at a low rate. 
C) responding at a high fixed ratio rate. 
D) responding at a low fixed ratio rate.

Exam 6: Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior