Question 1

You give a three-year-old some cards depicting two shapes (e.g., dogs and cookies) that are drawn in two colors (e.g., black and yellow). Ask the child to first sort by color. After sorting several cards, ask to switch tasks and sort by shape. This is best described as a test of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  processing speed 
B)  metacognition 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  inhibitory control

Question 2

Which of the following is true of spaced practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  It results in a greater illusion of solid learning than massed practice. 
B)  It is more effective than doing all studying at once. 
C)  It emphasizes setting aside a specific space for studying, like a desk in a bedroom. 
D)  It emphasizes sharing the studying tasks with other students.

Question 3

Ms. Sally Mae begins teaching a unit on the Civil War. She asks her students to think of all the Civil War battle sites, movies, and memorials they can think of. Sally Mae is doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal teaching 
B)  metacognitive monitoring 
C)  activating prior knowledge 
D)  rehearsal

Question 4

Why are people's mental maps often inaccurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mental maps tend to be stored with straight boundaries. 
B)  Human memory has trouble storing images. 
C)  Map knowledge is stored in dual-code networks. 
D)  Mental maps are stored in hierarchies, which tend to be inaccurate.

Question 5

An advantage of knowing some skills so well that they are automatic is that when mental processes are automatic, it

Accepted Answer

A)  lessens working memory load for tasks involving those skills. 
B)  lessens storage in long-term memory. 
C)  facilitates the meaningful learning of those skills. 
D)  decreases capacity of the sensory register.

Question 6

Research suggests that if you want to remember something for several years, you should space your practice by

Accepted Answer

A)  a day. 
B)  a week. 
C)  several weeks. 
D)  several months.

Question 7

Sometimes the chemistry class takes its exams in the lecture hall where the professor lectures, and sometimes in the testing center. Which of the following explains why test scores tend to be better in the lecture hall?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retrieval failure 
B)  Keyword method 
C)  Encoding specificity 
D)  Fuzzy traces

Question 8

According to the book, what is one reason why medication is a controversial treatment for ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)  gives children with ADHD an advantage over other children 
B)  medications have negative side effects 
C)  expensive for schools 
D)  only improves academic achievement, not behavior

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the keyword method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ladrillo means brick in Spanish, so when I hear "ladrillo," which sounds sort of like ladder, I intentionally imagine a ladder leaning against a brick wall. 
B)  "HOMES" helps me remember the Great Lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior. 
C)  I want to remember what to buy at the store, so I picture a giant container of oatmeal at my front door, next to a screeching cat, (cat food), batting at a giant sausage hanging over the open door. 
D)  I use flash cards to memorize the times tables.

Question 10

As children grow older and become more skilled in math, they

Accepted Answer

A)  rely more on memorized facts. 
B)  count all the numbers instead of counting on from the largest number. 
C)  must switch from multiplicative reasoning to additive reasoning. 
D)  have a little more trouble remembering doubles like 3+3 and 7x7.

Question 11

Sally is reading her history textbook and realizes that she is using a poor strategy for remembering what she has read. What has been activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory register 
B)  metacognition 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  working memory

Question 12

Which of the following is true of preschoolers' math knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low income children and middle income preschoolers are equally likely to play cheap board games that build math skills. 
B)  Compared to middle income children, low income children are less skilled at math, even during preschool years. 
C)  Reading skill at entry to kindergarten is better than math skill for predicting later academic achievement. 
D)  Because of core knowledge, it is not useful to directly teach math skills to preschoolers.

Question 13

You give a three-year-old some cards depicting two shapes (e.g., dogs and cookies) that are drawn in two colors (e.g., black and yellow). Ask the child to first sort by color. After sorting several cards, ask the child to switch tasks and sort by shape. What is the child likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  sort by color 
B)  sort by shape 
C)  mix cards without paying attention to shape or color 
D)  switch back and forth between shape and color

Question 14

Which component of the information processing model generally holds the least amount of information for the shortest length of time?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which component of the information processing model...

Question 15

Which of the following is good testing policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  give only a few tests in order to reduce test anxiety 
B)  test frequently to foster spaced practice 
C)  test over the most recent material, NOT cumulatively 
D)  let students think about the test for several days before providing feedback

Question 16

Describe two strategies preschool teachers and parents can use to foster mathematical thinking in preschoolers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two strategies preschool teachers and parents...

Question 17

The graph shown below depicts children's improvement in what mental capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  letter recognition 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  processing speed 
D)  IQ

Question 18

Which of the following is true of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teens have more false memories than younger children because teens have lived longer and have heard more stories that they incorporate into their memories falsely. 
B)  Children in early childhood have more false memories than older children. 
C)  It is very difficult to influence children to believe false memories. 
D)  Source monitoring errors are primarily errors of executive functions.

Question 19

Which approach dominates current national standards for math instruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct instruction 
B)  overlapping wave approaches 
C)  constructivist approaches 
D)  memorization

Question 20

A key point of the overlapping waved model is that children's strategy use

Accepted Answer

A)  improves mainly through direct instruction from adults. 
B)  follows stages in which children give up less effective strategies as they adopt more effective strategies. 
C)  includes more and less effective strategies at the same age, gradually moving toward more effective strategies. 
D)  improves mainly through discovery of what works for them.

Exam 4: Information Processing, Memory, and Problem Solving

You give a three-year-old some cards depicting two shapes (e.g., dogs and cookies) that are drawn in two colors (e.g., black and yellow) . Ask the child to first sort by color. After sorting several cards, ask to switch tasks and sort by shape. This is best described as a test of what?