Which of the Following Is True of Using Marketing to Shape

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true of using marketing to shape perceptions and expectations?

A) Preannouncements reduce excitement about a product before its release.
B) A firm that aggressively promotes its products loses its actual installed base and its perceived installed base.
C) A firm should avoid use of vaporware if other vendors beat the firm to market and the firm fears that customers may select a dominant design.
D) A firm can signal its commitment to an industry by making substantial investments that would be difficult to reverse.