Question 1

If there is no phenotypic variation in a trait,then the heritability of that trait will be approximately ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 
B)  .50 
C)  .25 
D)  0

Question 2

What book marked the beginning of evolutionary thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lorenz's On Aggression 
B)  Wilson's Sociobiology 
C)  Pinker's How the Mind Works 
D)  Darwin's Origin of Species

Question 3

A scientist interested in understanding how early experiences shape genetic expression studies ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eugenetics 
B)  ontogenetics 
C)  epigenetics 
D)  genome-wide associations

Question 4

When Brett was born,he and his identical twin were separated and have been living on opposite sides of the country ever since in houses of equal socioeconomic status yet with parents employing drastically different parenting styles.Which of the following are Brett and his twin most likely to share?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sense of rebelliousness 
B)  level of anxiety 
C)  IQ score 
D)  music preference

Question 5

In which sample would you expect the heritability of IQ to be the lowest?

Accepted Answer

A)  low socioeconomic status twins 
B)  middle socioeconomic status twins 
C)  high socioeconomic status twins 
D)  none of the above; the heritability will be the same in all three groups

Question 6

According to evolutionary biology,altruistic behavior might help assure the survival of one's own genes into succeeding generations primarily because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  altruistic individuals take fewer risks than nonaltruistic individuals, so they are more likely to survive and produce children 
B)  altruistic people tend to attract more mates, thereby increasing the likelihood that altruistic people will reproduce 
C)  some of your genes will make it into the next generation if the people who share your genes also survive 
D)  altruism promotes physical health and longevity

Question 7

The notion that humans could be improved through selective breeding is called________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eugenics 
B)  cloning 
C)  behavioral Darwinism 
D)  heritability

Question 8

Kevin is placing a personal ad in the local paper.According to evolutionary predictions about mate selection,he will most likely mention his ________ when describing himself.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical attractiveness 
B)  propensity for jealousy 
C)  financial resources 
D)  young age

Question 9

In contrast to evolutionary theorizing,Eagly and Wood (1999)suggest that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  societies' norms reflect men's greater size and strength and women's role in childbearing more than biologically hardwired behavioral tendencies 
B)  social norms are shaped by evolutionary forces and therefore impossible to change 
C)  social norms regarding child care vary dramatically from one culture to the next 
D)  the great diversity of gender roles across cultures undermines evolutionary perspectives

Question 10

Linda is highly neurotic.Which of the following genes is Linda most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

A)  DRD4 
B)  SSRI 
C)  5-HTT 
D)  APOA

Question 11

Match each rebuttal with its associated stress test of evolutionary psychology.
-Human flexibility

Accepted Answer

A) Evolution of a cerebral cortex enables humans to have the ability to overcome innate urges. 
B) It is not necessary for people to be consciously aware of what evolutionary theory says is required for reproductive success. 
C) For any theoretical proposal in science, alternative explanations are always possible. 
D) The differences between men and women in mate selection and other behaviors are built-in through biological evolution. 
E) Evolutionary psychologists are not concerned with the moral justification or condemnation of any one aspect of the human psyche.

Question 12

Bryan has just been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Which of the following genes is Bryan most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

A)  DRD4 
B)  SSRI 
C)  5-HTT 
D)  APOA

Question 13

According to estimates based on twin studies,the average heritability coefficient of many traits of personality is about ________ when using self-reports of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  .20 
B)  .40 
C)  .80 
D)  1.0

Question 14

Match each rebuttal with its associated stress test of evolutionary psychology.
-Reproductive instinct

Accepted Answer

A) Evolution of a cerebral cortex enables humans to have the ability to overcome innate urges. 
B) It is not necessary for people to be consciously aware of what evolutionary theory says is required for reproductive success. 
C) For any theoretical proposal in science, alternative explanations are always possible. 
D) The differences between men and women in mate selection and other behaviors are built-in through biological evolution. 
E) Evolutionary psychologists are not concerned with the moral justification or condemnation of any one aspect of the human psyche.

Question 15

According to evolutionary psychology,which of the following does NOT account for individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain levels of maladaptive traits such as neuroticism ensure that populations are not so excessively large that it threatens the survival of the group. 
B)  Behavioral patterns evolve as reactions to specific environmental experiences (and if different individuals inhabit different environments, they will then exhibit different behavioral patterns). 
C)  Individuals differ in terms of the behavioral strategies that make the most sense, given their other characteristics. 
D)  Some biologically influenced behavior may be "frequency dependent" (only appearing in some subset of the population).

Question 16

What is the correct formula for calculating heritability?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 (rMZ - rDZ) 
B)  2 - (rMZ - rDZ) 
C)  2 + (rMZ - rDZ) 
D)  2 (rDZ - rMZ)

Question 17

When personality psychologists measure trait differences in extraversion,what kinds of direct observations are they making?

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotypic 
B)  genotypic 
C)  allelic 
D)  genome-wide

Question 18

Match each psychologically evolved mechanism perspective with its associated behavior.
-Female mate pickiness

Accepted Answer

A) Useful in seeking social support 
B) Enables social dominance and an increase in status 
C) Helps secure the reproductive success of close relatives 
D) Increases awareness of infidelity 
E) Helps secure a dedicated and lifelong mate

Question 19

Behavioral genetics,like trait psychology,focuses on aspects of personality that ________,whereas evolutionary psychology more typically focuses on aspects of personality that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  all humans share; differ from one individual to another 
B)  vary among groups of individuals; vary among individuals 
C)  differ from one individual to another; all humans share 
D)  are species-specific; are individual-specific

Question 20

Harry just lost his job.According to a recent study,the particular kind of depression that will most likely follow is characterized by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional pain, crying, and seeking social support 
B)  aggression, hostility, and anger 
C)  fatigue, pessimism, and guilt 
D)  sexual dysfunction, increased cortisol, and increased motor activity

Exam 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology