Question 1

Providing individuals with ________ seems to be the best way to raise self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A)  a series of self-affirmations to repeat each day 
B)  harsh criticism to inoculate them against insults 
C)  unconditional positive feedback 
D)  opportunities for success

Question 2

According to the text,the best advice toward self-knowledge is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to be hyper-focused on every thing you do 
B)  be yourself 
C)  to judge yourself based on others' impressions of you 
D)  to be who you wish to be

Question 3

According to the text,one study found the ________ measures of neuroticism ad extraversion predicted behavior better than ________ measures of these traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  self report; implicit 
B)  implicit; self-report 
C)  IAT; implicit 
D)  IAT; reaction time

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a motivating need someone has when reporting their desired future selves?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem 
B)  competence 
C)  meaning 
D)  discipline

Question 5

________ is NOT one of the key functions of the self.

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitating self-regulation 
B)  Serving as an information processing filter 
C)  Facilitating basic and reflexive responses to environmental contingences 
D)  Fulfilling identity functions.

Question 6

According to self-discrepancy theory,what emotion arises from discrepancies between ideal and actual selves?

Accepted Answer

A)  fear 
B)  anxiety 
C)  depression 
D)  hostility

Question 7

According to the discussion of self-discrepancy theory,the root of depression is ________,whereas the root of anxiety is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  disappointment; fear 
B)  anger; fear 
C)  anger; frustration 
D)  disappointment; anger

Question 8

Which of the following is the best way to get information into long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal 
B)  elongation 
C)  elaboration 
D)  reverberation

Question 9

Sarah moved from a small town in Ohio to New York City and has since learned a lot about herself.According to the realistic accuracy model,she has expanded the amount of information available at the ________ stage of the realistic accuracy model (RAM).

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy 
B)  utilization 
C)  relevance 
D)  detection

Question 10

According to the text,the process for gaining accurate self-knowledge is outlined by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-discrepancy theory 
B)  realistic accuracy model (RAM) 
C)  self-concept model 
D)  evolutionary theory

Question 11

Dr.Morse is a psychologist whose current patient wants to become less introverted and more confident.According to what we know about procedural knowledge,what is the first thing Dr.Morse should do to help his patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  motivate his patient to go to a party and talk to a minimum of 5 people 
B)  provide feedback on how his patient is doing in his or her ongoing efforts 
C)  instruct his patient to practice mindfulness and truly accept his or her introversion 
D)  allow his patient to talk freely about his or her social issues

Question 12

The overall opinion of the self is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the procedural self 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  self-concept 
D)  self-schema

Question 13

According to William James,the ________ does the thinking and sensing,whereas the ________ is the object of thoughts about the self.

Accepted Answer

A)  I; me 
B)  me; I 
C)  independent self; interdependent self 
D)  interdependent self; independent self

Question 14

According to the text,________ can significantly limit one's self-knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)  a high school SAT score 
B)  geography 
C)  family and culture 
D)  personality trait scores

Question 15

According to the text,self-esteem is part of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural self 
B)  declarative self 
C)  I self 
D)  ought self

Question 16

Individuals who are responsible or shy are sometimes said to be experts in these particular traits.A cognitive personality psychologist in this tradition would describe these so-called experts as individuals who ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are schematic for these attributes 
B)  have episodic memories consistent with these traits 
C)  have possible selves aligned with these traits 
D)  have self-discrepancies related to these traits

Question 17

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term.
-Self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

A) Your view of what you should do 
B) Your view of self that is outside your conscious awareness 
C) Our ideas about ourselves organized into a coherent system 
D) A continuously changing self based on the people you are with and the environmental circumstances you are in 
E) Acting in a way that is in accordance with your personality traits
F)Our ideas about our characteristics and capabilities
G)Your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad
H)The images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
I)The self-schema based on past experiences that direct how we relate to one another
J)Your views about what you could be doing

Question 18

Describe how the realistic accuracy model can be applied to self-knowledge.How does this model explain why accurate self-knowledge can be difficult to achieve?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the realistic accuracy model can...

Question 19

Repeating the items on a grocery list such as "cheese,bread,soda,canned soup,salad dressing,and paper napkins" over and over again in your mind is an example of what process?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal 
B)  elongation 
C)  elaboration 
D)  reverberation

Question 20

In the context of self-knowledge,what is the take home message of the Socrates quote,"know thyself"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The most important aspect of self-knowledge is whether your opinion is good or bad. 
B)  The most salient of all goals is obtaining high self-esteem. 
C)  The most salient of all goals is personality continuity. 
D)  The most important aspect of self-knowledge is the degree to which it is accurate.

Exam 16: The Self: What You Know About You