Question 1

__________ theory combines the personal dispositions of the perceiver with a weighted average of the target person's characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fundamental attribution error 
B)  Information integration 
C)  Motivational bias 
D)  Covariation

Question 2

All of the following have been shown in research on priming except that priming

Accepted Answer

A)  is more likely when people are aware of the exposure. 
B)  may have effects on our social perceptions of others. 
C)  may affect our social behavior. 
D)  demonstrates the effects of recent events on our perceptions.

Question 3

The research of Lee Jussim (2012)suggests that teachers' impressions of their students are

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate and predict student performance without influencing it. 
B)  inaccurate and predict student performance by influencing it. 
C)  accurate and do not influence student performance. 
D)  inaccurate and do not influence student performance.

Question 4

Which of the following has been demonstrated by research examining the role of culture in the attribution process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children reared in Western cultures are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those reared in Eastern cultures. 
B)  Children reared in Western cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those reared in Eastern cultures. 
C)  Adults in Western cultures are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those in Eastern cultures. 
D)  Adults in Western cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those in Eastern cultures.

Question 5

Colin and Erin are waiting to meet with their caterer so that they can discuss the menu for their wedding.The caterer is 30 minutes late and still hasn't arrived.Colin suggests that the caterer is probably delayed because of traffic.Erin suggests that the caterer is probably disorganized and unreliable.Colin is making a(n)_____attribution, whereas Erin is making a(n)_____ attribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  dispositional; situational 
B)  situational; personal 
C)  expected; unexpected 
D)  correspondent; dispositional

Question 6

Britney wonders if she would have been happier had she married Justin instead of Kevin.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  counterfactual thinking. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  false-consensus bias.

Question 7

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which of the following two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Warm vs. cold. 
B)  Introvert vs. extrovert. 
C)  Kind vs. mean. 
D)  Positive vs. negative

Question 8

The idea that impressions are based on a perceiver's disposition to form certain impressions and a weighted average of the target person's characteristics is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  correspondent inference theory. 
B)  cognitive heuristics. 
C)  the actor-observer effect. 
D)  information integration theory.

Question 9

Which of the following is supported by research on deception?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are more accurate at detecting deception if they focus on facial expressions rather than voice cues. 
B)  Police officers and FBI agents are better at detecting deception than most other people. 
C)  People tend to have an accurate sense of their lie-detecting abilities. 
D)  People are more accurate at detecting deception if they focus on body movements rather than facial expressions.

Question 10

The system that social perceivers rely on first is

Accepted Answer

A)  intuitive and automatic. 
B)  rational and controlled. 
C)  effortful and intuitive. 
D)  slow and easy.

Question 11

Believing that poor people are happier than others, or that obese people are more sociable, helps to satisfy

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance. 
B)  belief in a just world. 
C)  the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D)  the false-consensus effect.

Question 12

Perceivers judge accident victims as more responsible for their fate if

Accepted Answer

A)  the victim's situation is very different from that of the perceiver. 
B)  the accident is mild rather than severe. 
C)  the perceiver is worried about threats to the self. 
D)  the perceiver can aid the victim in some way.

Question 13

When _____ is low, it is difficult for the perceiver to attribute behavior to either the person or the stimulus; instead, the best that can be said is that the behavior was caused by transient circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus 
B)  distinctiveness 
C)  expectedness 
D)  consistency

Question 14

Which of the following is the best example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

A)  When poor school children are expected to perform less well than wealthy school children 
B)  When an athlete visualizes a superior performance and then goes out and actually wins 
C)  When minority candidates perform more poorly in interviews because interviewers act on their expectations that these candidates are unprepared 
D)  When people focus on the first information they have about another individual when making an impression

Question 15

Estimates of the probability that an event will happen based on the ease with which one can recall previous instances of this event reflect the

Accepted Answer

A)  base-rate fallacy. 
B)  fundamental attribution error. 
C)  two-step attribution process. 
D)  availability heuristic.

Question 16

During her social psychology course this morning, Leticia learned about the situational obstacles that often prevent people from offering assistance to others in emergency situations.As she is eating lunch with her friends after class, one of them begins coughing and Leticia immediately starts to consider whether her friend is choking and how she will best be able to help her if she is in need of assistance.Leticia's behavior is most likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  counterfactual thinking. 
B)  actor-observer effect. 
C)  priming. 
D)  false-consensus effect.

Question 17

As social perceivers, people's impressions of others are

Accepted Answer

A)  formed only after knowing the person for a considerable period of time. 
B)  uninfluenced by superficial attributes of a person. 
C)  formed at first encounter and completely unchangeable. 
D)  influenced by the physical appearance of a person.

Question 18

LeBron is eating at a restaurant on a first date when his date spills spaghetti all over his lap.Which of the following conclusions would LeBron be most likely to draw if he commits the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  His date gets nervous on first dates. 
B)  His date is a slob. 
C)  His date is even more attractive than he originally thought. 
D)  His date is even less attractive than he originally thought.

Question 19

Andrew tends to view the behavior of others in gross units, whereas Angela tends to break others' behavior down into fine units.Andrew is more likely than Angela to

Accepted Answer

A)  pay more attention to the behavior. 
B)  detect more meaningful actions. 
C)  remember fewer details about the behavior. 
D)  form a more positive impression of an actor.

Question 20

Lindy is trying to decide whether or not Marisa's behavior is dispositional.If Lindy relies on correspondent inference theory, she would consider all of the following factors except

Accepted Answer

A)  whether Marisa freely chose the behavior. 
B)  whether Marisa knew she was being observed during the behavior. 
C)  if Marisa's behavior was expected given the situation. 
D)  the intended consequences of Marisa's behavior.

Exam 4: Perceiving Persons