Question 1

Assess the validity of the following statement: "Columbus's sensational achievement obscures the fact that he was one of the most successful failures in history."

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Question 2

Describe what is meant by the Spanish Black Legend.What is your assessment of the Spanish impact on North American cultures: positive or negative? Why?

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Question 3

The development of Spanish influence in California in the mid-1760s and 1770s was facilitated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the Black Legend. 
B)  the establishment by Father Junipero Serra of a chain of Spanish missions starting in San Diego and up the California coast to Sonoma. 
C)  existing permanent settlements of Native Americans in California. 
D)  the lack of interest by Christian missionaries to Christianize Native Americans in California. 
E)  the highly successful exploration of California by Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo.

Question 4

The term "Columbian Exchange" describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the exporting of precious metals from the New World and the importing of African slaves to the New World. 
B)  the gifts Columbus brought to and received from Native Americans. 
C)  the trade in Native American furs for European horses and other goods. 
D)  the transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Old and New Worlds. 
E)  None of these choices.

Question 5

Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in significant ocean voyages of discovery. 
B)  establish large, elaborate, and bustling cities. 
C)  make strikingly accurate astronomical observations. 
D)  study mathematics. 
E)  carry on commerce.

Question 6

All of the following are true about Popés Rebellion in 1680, except

Accepted Answer

A)  Pueblo Indians rebelled when Spanish missionaries sought to suppress native religious customs. 
B)  Pueblo Indians destroyed every Catholic church in the province of New Mexico. 
C)  the revolt by Pueblo Indians was successfully halted by the Spanish. 
D)  Pueblo Indians built a ceremonial religious chamber - kiva - on the ruins of the Spanish plaza. 
E)  Spanish priests and settlers were killed in the conflict.

Question 7

Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by

Accepted Answer

A)  revealing that communist spies were passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. 
B)  charging that there was extensive communist influence in Hollywood and the media. 
C)  asserting that General George Marshall was part of a vast communist conspiracy within the U.S. Army. 
D)  mobilizing Republicans to demand a stronger anticommunist foreign policy in East Asia. 
E)  charging that dozens of known communists were working within the U.S. State Department.

Question 8

What was the nature of slavery in Africa before the arrival of the Spanish?

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Question 9

Identify the statement that is false.

Accepted Answer

A)  Most native peoples of North America lived in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements prior to the arrival of Europeans. 
B)  In more settled agricultural groups, women tended the crops while men hunted. 
C)  Many North American groups developed matrilineal cultures, where power and possessions passed down the female side of the family line. 
D)  Native Americans rejected the belief that the physical world was endowed with spiritual properties. 
E)  Native Americans had neither the desire nor the means to manipulate nature aggressively.

Question 10

All of the following set into motion the chain of events that led to a drive of Europeans toward Asia, the penetration of Africa, and the discovery of the New World except

Accepted Answer

A)  economic hardships and overpopulation at home. 
B)  growing power of ambitious governments behind them. 
C)  they sought contact with a wider world. 
D)  they sought territories to conqueror. 
E)  they sought new places to trade with.

Question 11

Before the middle of the fifteenth century, sub-Saharan Africa had remained remote and mysterious to Europeans because

Accepted Answer

A)  there was little of value for them there. 
B)  sea travel down the African coast had been virtually impossible. 
C)  Islamic societies prevented Europe from making inroads there. 
D)  they did not know that it existed. 
E)  they feared the people who lived there.

Question 12

Columbus called the native people in the "New World" Indians because

Accepted Answer

A)  that was what they called themselves. 
B)  he believed that he had skirted the rim of the "Indies." 
C)  it was a form of the Spanish word for heathen. 
D)  the Vikings had first called them by that name. 
E)  the Spanish often used this generic word, which meant "outsider" or "non-Spanish."

Question 13

All of the following were characteristics of the original thirteen colonies except

Accepted Answer

A)  Puritans carved tight, pious, and relatively democratic communities in New England. 
B)  the belief they were a single people with a common destiny, who ought to break from Britain. 
C)  the southern colonies consisted of large landholders, mostly Anglican, on plantations using slave labor. 
D)  there were internal conflicts over economic interests, ethnic rivalries, and religious practices. 
E)  the middle colonies were the most diverse with estates interspersed with modest homesteads.

Question 14

The early voyages of the Scandinavian seafarers did not result in permanent settlement in North America because

Accepted Answer

A)  the Native Americans drove them out. 
B)  the area in which they landed could not support a large population. 
C)  no nation-state supported these ventures. 
D)  British adventurers defeated the Scandinavians in 1066. 
E)  the settlers died of disease.

Question 15

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
The World Known to Europe During the Age of Discovery, 1492-1609
 
-____ Africa

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Question 16

The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they

Accepted Answer

A)  were victorious over the Muslims. 
B)  brought back news of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silk. 
C)  succeeded in establishing improved business relations between Muslims and Christians. 
D)  returned with captured Muslim maps showing the North and South American continents. 
E)  developed better navigational devices.

Question 17

The ideals that the colonists cherished as synonymous with American life included reverence for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  individual liberty. 
B)  self-government. 
C)  opposition to slavery. 
D)  religious tolerance. 
E)  economic opportunity.

Question 18

​According to scholars, the flood of precious New World metals into Spain is responsible for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the ballooning of the European money supply. 
B)  the foundations of the modern commercial banking system. 
C)  the growth of capitalism as an economic system. 
D)  a price revolution that dramatically decreased consumer costs. 
E)  the spread of commerce and manufacturing.

Question 19

Which group was responsible for slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans had arrived?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Portuguese and Spanish 
B)  The English and Scandinavians 
C)  The Incas and Aztecs 
D)  The Arabs and Africans 
E)  The English and Americans

Question 20

The existence of a single original continent has been proved by the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  similar mountain ranges on the various continents. 
B)  nearly identical species of fish in long-separated freshwater lakes throughout the world. 
C)  marsupials on the various continents. 
D)  the continued shifting of the earth's crust. 
E)  geological evidence of soil samples common among all continents.

Exam 1: New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.E.-1769 C.E.