Question 1

Which concepts are included in the definition of personality? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)   Personality is the characteristic way in which a person thinks, feels, and behaves.
B)   Personality is the ingrained pattern of behavior that evolves as one's style of life.
C)   Personality is developed in sporadic stages that vary from person to person.
D)   Personality develops both consciously and unconsciously.
E)   Personality is inborn and cannot be influenced by developmental progression. A,B,D

Question 2

When a mother brings her 9-month-old to daycare,the child smiles and reaches for the daycare caregiver.The nurse should recognize that according to Mahler's developmental theory,this child's development is at which phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  The autistic phase
B)   The symbiotic phase
C)   The differentiation subphase of the separation-individuation phase
D)   The rapprochement subphase of the separation-individuation phase C

Question 3

A father of a 5-year-old demeans and curses at his child for disobedience.In turn,when upset,the child uses swear words in kindergarten.A school nurse recognizes this behavior as unsuccessful completion of which stage of development according to Peplau?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Learning to count on others"
B)  "Learning to delay satisfaction"
C)  "Identifying oneself"
D)  "Developing skills in participation" C

Question 4

A 29-year-old client living with parents has few interpersonal relationships.The client states,"I have trouble trusting people." Based on Erikson's developmental theory,which should the nurse recognize as a true statement about this client?

Accepted Answer

A)   The client has not progressed beyond the trust versus mistrust developmental stage.
B)   Developmental deficits in earlier life stages have impaired the client's adult functioning.
C)   The client cannot move to the next developmental stage until mastering all earlier stages.
D)   The client's developmental problems began in the intimacy versus isolation stage.

Question 5

A client has flashbacks of sexual abuse by her uncle.She had not been aware of these memories until recently,when she became sexually active with her boyfriend.A nurse should identify this experience as which part of Sullivan's concept of the self-system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The "good me"
B)  The "bad me"
C)  The "not me"
D)  The "bad you"

Question 6

A female complains that her husband only meets his sexual needs and never her needs.According to Freud,which personality structure should a nurse identify as predominantly driving the husband's actions?

Accepted Answer

A)   The id
B)   The superid
C)   The ego
D)   The superego

Question 7

When assessing clients,a psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on which underlying concept?

Accepted Answer

A)   A possible genetic basis for the client problems
B)   The structure and dynamics of the personality
C)   Behavioral responses to stressors
D)   Maladaptive cognitions

Question 8

A 6-year-old boy uses his father's flashlight to explore his 3-year-old sister's genitalia.According to Freud,in which stage of psychosocial development should a nurse identify this behavior as normal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oral
B)   Anal
C)   Phallic
D)   Latency

Question 9

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome and opinionated and has little regard for others.According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory,the nurse should associate the client's behaviors with a previous deficit in which stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infancy
B)   Childhood
C)   Early adolescence
D)   Late adolescence

Question 10

A nurse directs the client interaction and plans for interventions to achieve client goals.According to Peplau's framework for psychodynamic nursing,what therapeutic role is this nurse assuming?

Accepted Answer

A)   The role of technical expert
B)   The role of resource person
C)   The role of teacher
D)   The role of leader

Question 11

A nurse observes a 3-year-old client willingly sharing candy with a sibling.According to Peplau,which psychological stage of development should the nurse recognize that this child has completed?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Learning to count on others"
B)  "Learning to delay satisfaction"
C)  "Identifying oneself"
D)  "Developing skills in participation"

Question 12

Which is a nursing intervention to assist a client to achieve Erikson's developmental task of ego integrity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encourage a life review of triumphs and disappointments.
B)   Provide opportunities for success experiences.
C)   Focus on embracing the future.
D)   Foster the development of creativity.

Question 13

According to Freud,which statement should a nurse associate with predominance of the superego?

Accepted Answer

A)   "No one is looking, so I will take three cigarettes from Mom's pack."
B)   "I don't ever cheat on tests; it is wrong."
C)   "If I skip school I will get in trouble and fail my test."
D)   "Dad won't miss this little bit of vodka."

Question 14

From an interpersonal theory perspective,which intervention would a nurse use to assist a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encourage discussion of feelings
B)   Offer family therapy sessions
C)   Discuss childhood events
D)   Teach alternate coping skills

Question 15

A nursing instructor is teaching about the application of Peplau's theory to nursing care.Which student statement indicates that learning has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The nurse assumes the role of a parenting figure,instructing the client in good health practices."
B)   "The nurse is concerned more about psychosocial functioning than physiological functioning."
C)   "The nurse bases the client care plan on standardized nursing approaches and physician orders."
D)   "The nurse applies principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience."

Question 16

According to Peplau,a nurse who provides an abandoned child with parental guidance and praise following small accomplishments is serving which therapeutic role?

Accepted Answer

A)  The role of technical expert
B)   The role of resource person
C)   The role of surrogate
D)   The role of leader

Question 17

According to psychoanalytic theory,treatment of symptoms should involve which nursing action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modifying client behaviors by manipulating the environment
B)   Expressing empathy and presenting reality
C)   Encouraging the client to note cause and effects of actions
D)   Recognizing and discussing the client's use of ego defense mechanisms

Question 18

According to Peplau,treatment of client symptoms should involve which nursing action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Establishing a therapeutic nurse-client relationship
B)   Using the technique of desensitization
C)   Challenging clients' negative thoughts
D)   Uncovering clients' past experiences

Question 19

A 1-month-old infant is left alone for extended periods,has little physical stimulation,and is malnourished.Based on this infant's history,in which phase of development according to Mahler's theory should a nurse expect to see a potential deficit?

Accepted Answer

A)   The symbiotic phase
B)   The autistic phase
C)   The consolidation phase
D)   The rapprochement phase

Question 20

A jilted college student is admitted to a hospital following a suicide attempt and states,"No one will ever love a loser like me." According to Erikson's theory of personality development,a nurse should recognize a deficit in which developmental stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trust versus mistrust
B)   Initiative versus guilt
C)   Intimacy versus isolation
D)   Ego integrity versus despair

Exam 3: Theoretical Models of Personality Development