Question 1

In a cross-tabulation, the row totals and the column totals each describe univariate distributions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Consider the following table from the 2016 GSS, which shows the relationship between age and whether someone favors or opposes "the death penalty for persons convicted of murder."
 The data in this table suggest that (the answer may require some calculation)

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a near-zero association between age and support for the death penalty. 
B)  older people are more likely to favor the death penalty than younger people. 
C)  younger people are more likely to favor the death penalty than older people.

Question 3

A researcher measures job satisfaction among a random sample of employees at XYZ Company and finds that 65 percent are "very satisfied" with their jobs. To estimate job satisfaction among all XYZ employees from this information, the researcher should

Accepted Answer

A)  compare means. 
B)  study more employees. 
C)  use descriptive statistics. 
D)  use inferential statistics.

Question 4

The difference between an actual score and the score predicted by the regression equation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a slope. 
B)  the explained variation. 
C)  a residual. 
D)  a regression coefficient.

Question 5

The correlation coefficient measures the direction and strength of association between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The quality of data is affected at several stages of social research, including data processing. What techniques do survey researchers apply to avoid errors and enhance data quality during data processing? Are data processing errors unavoidable, like random sampling error? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The quality of data is affected at...

Question 7

In a distribution that is positively skewed, the

Accepted Answer

A)  mean is greater than the median. 
B)  standard deviation is greater than the range. 
C)  median is greater than the mean. 
D)  median and mean are equal.

Question 8

Consistency checking compares entries in a data file with entries in the interview schedule or questionnaire.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In terms of data processing, one advantage of computer-assisted interviewing over paper-and-pencil questionnaire surveys is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is easier to determine if interviewers are recording answers accurately and adequately. 
B)  there is no need to code responses. 
C)  open-ended questions can be coded more easily. 
D)  data entry occurs directly when interviewers record respondents' answers.

Question 10

Editing is carried out after all the data have been entered into a data file.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

For the 2016 GSS, you code marital status as 0 = not married and 1 = married, then you regress the number of hours of television viewing per day (Y) on marital status (X) with the following result: Y = 3.1 − .32X. This result indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  married people watch, on average, 3.1 more hours of television than unmarried people. 
B)  married people watch, on average, 2.78 fewer hours of television than unmarried people. 
C)  married people watch, on average, .32 fewer hours of television than unmarried people. 
D)  there is no relationship between marital status and television viewing.

Question 12

To analyze the relationship in a contingency table, the rule for calculating percentages is to compute percentages based on the

Accepted Answer

A)  total number of cases in the table. 
B)  number of cases in each category of the dependent variable. 
C)  number of cases in each category of the independent variable. 
D)  column variable, regardless of whether it is independent or dependent.

Question 13

The chi-square test is a measure of degree of association.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Calculations in a percentage distribution usually are based on the total number of responses, including those coded "don't know" and "not applicable."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an inferential statistic?

Accepted Answer

A)  range 
B)  mean 
C)  correlation coefficient 
D)  chi-square test for independence

Question 16

The mean is a statistical property of the distribution of a nominal-scale variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Generally, the coding of closed-ended questions takes place

Accepted Answer

A)  before data collection. 
B)  during data collection. 
C)  after data collection. 
D)  after data processing.

Question 18

One method of reducing data complexity through data modification is

Accepted Answer

A)  imputation. 
B)  listwise deletion. 
C)  index or scale construction. 
D)  the use of dummy variables.

Question 19

The chi-square test for independence indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  how two variables are related to one another. 
B)  whether a relationship exists between variables. 
C)  the strength of the relationship between variables. 
D)  the direction of the relationship between variables.

Question 20

Contingency tables

Accepted Answer

A)  are temporary tables produced to make collapsing decisions. 
B)  are designed to analyze responses to contingency questions. 
C)  contain data on two or more variables. 
D)  work best is summarizing relationships between interval-/ratio-scale variables.

Exam 15: Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

In a cross-tabulation, the row totals and the column totals each describe univariate distributions.

Consider the following table from the 2016 GSS, which shows the relationship between age and whether someone favors or opposes "the death penalty for persons convicted of murder." The data in this table suggest that (the answer may require some calculation)

A researcher measures job satisfaction among a random sample of employees at XYZ Company and finds that 65 percent are "very satisfied" with their jobs. To estimate job satisfaction among all XYZ employees from this information, the researcher should

The difference between an actual score and the score predicted by the regression equation is called

The correlation coefficient measures the direction and strength of association between variables.

The quality of data is affected at several stages of social research, including data processing. What techniques do survey researchers apply to avoid errors and enhance data quality during data processing? Are data processing errors unavoidable, like random sampling error? Explain.

In a distribution that is positively skewed, the

Consistency checking compares entries in a data file with entries in the interview schedule or questionnaire.

In terms of data processing, one advantage of computer-assisted interviewing over paper-and-pencil questionnaire surveys is that

Editing is carried out after all the data have been entered into a data file.

For the 2016 GSS, you code marital status as 0 = not married and 1 = married, then you regress the number of hours of television viewing per day (Y) on marital status (X) with the following result: Y = 3.1 − .32X. This result indicates that

To analyze the relationship in a contingency table, the rule for calculating percentages is to compute percentages based on the

The chi-square test is a measure of degree of association.

Calculations in a percentage distribution usually are based on the total number of responses, including those coded "don't know" and "not applicable."

Which of the following is an example of an inferential statistic?

The mean is a statistical property of the distribution of a nominal-scale variable.

Generally, the coding of closed-ended questions takes place

One method of reducing data complexity through data modification is

The chi-square test for independence indicates

Contingency tables