Question 1

Choose the word that describes the particular amount of something dissolved in a given volume of solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  strength 
B)  concentration 
C)  volumnity 
D)  solvation 
E)  ionization

Question 2

Cell membranes are composed of fat-like molecules that do not dissolve easily in water, called

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  lipids.

Question 3

Which government body is responsible for scrutinizing each new drug developed, to ensure it is safe to be put on the market?

Accepted Answer

A)  FDA 
B)  CDC 
C)  EPA 
D)  DOT 
E)  DFT

Question 4

Ethanol is a molecule, composed of __________ joined by chemical bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  atoms 
B)  bacteria 
C)  viruses 
D)  electrons 
E)  amino acids

Question 5

Chemicals that prevent infection by destroying disease-causing bacteria are

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics. 
B)  antediluvians. 
C)  antiseptics. 
D)  antivirals. 
E)  antihistamines.

Question 6

Penicillin kills bacteria by

Accepted Answer

A)  disrupting the ability to build their cell wall. 
B)  dissolving their cell membrane. 
C)  disrupting the folding of their proteins. 
D)  causing their DNA to mutate. 
E)  causing them to dehydrate.

Question 7

Why is ethanol, which is deadly to bacterial cells, safe to use on our hands?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our skin cells have a different kind of cell wall from that of a bacterial cell. 
B)  The outer layer of our skin is composed of dead cells and serves as a protective barrier. 
C)  Ethanol does damage our skin but in such small amounts that we don't feel it. 
D)  The temperature outside our bodies is not the correct temperature for ethanol to work. 
E)  Ethanol only reacts with the type of protein found inside a bacterial cell.

Question 8

An enzyme is a biological molecule that acts as a

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall. 
B)  catalyst. 
C)  energy storage device. 
D)  genetic transcriber. 
E)  messenger.

Question 9

Choose the best description of a scientific theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  the best scientific explanation currently in existence about the natural world; it has never been disproven by experimental results. 
B)  An untested idea of how something works 
C)  An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of internal bias 
D)  A statement that summarizes a large number of observations but does not provide an explanation 
E)  An informed first attempt to explain an observation

Question 10

Penicillin is most destructive to bacteria with

Accepted Answer

A)  denatured protein. 
B)  a thick cell wall. 
C)  a high water content. 
D)  a thin cell wall. 
E)  Penicillin is equally destructive to all bacteria.

Question 11

How can a scientific theory be disproven or replaced?

Accepted Answer

A)  by a prestigious scientist putting forth a new theory 
B)  by obtaining experimental results inconsistent with those predicted by the theory 
C)  by agreement among the world's governing bodies 
D)  Scientific theories change with the times, and old theories are eventually replaced with newer ones.

Question 12

Which biological molecule's role is to store genetic information?

Accepted Answer

A)  MRSA 
B)  CDC 
C)  methicillin 
D)  DNA

Question 13

Why was it important to determine the molecular structure of penicillin, after it had already been isolated and was being used as a medicine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowing the molecular structure could lead to faster production of the drug. 
B)  The molecular structure could provide clues about how penicillin kills bacteria. 
C)  Knowing the molecular structure could allow chemists to devise an easier way to produce penicillin. 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

What is a serious limitation of antiseptics like ethanol and triclosan?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are only effective within a certain temperature range. 
B)  They are expensive to make and take a long time to develop. 
C)  They cannot be used to treat infections inside the human body. 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

List three differences between antibiotics and antiseptics

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three differences between antibiotics and antiseptics...

Question 16

What was the experimental technique used to determine the molecular structure of penicillin?

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary electrophoresis 
B)  scanning tunneling microscopy 
C)  X-ray crystallography 
D)  infrared spectroscopy

Question 17

Who discovered penicillin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dorothy Hodgkin 
B)  Howard Florey 
C)  Sanford Fleming 
D)  Alexander Fleming 
E)  Louis Pasteur

Question 18

Different varieties of the same bacteria, arising from small variations in their DNA are called

Accepted Answer

A)  families. 
B)  species. 
C)  races. 
D)  groups. 
E)  strains.

Question 19

The word "science" is based on the Latin word for

Accepted Answer

A)  observation. 
B)  knowledge. 
C)  reasoning. 
D)  calculation. 
E)  logic.

Question 20

The molecule ethanol kills bacterial cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  making them absorb too much water until they explode. 
B)  destroying the structure of their cell membrane. 
C)  disrupting the folding of their proteins. 
D)  both a and c 
E)  both b and d

Exam 1: Antibiotics and Resistance: an Introduction to the Molecules of Life