Question 1

Nicki, a 20-year-old, is taking a philosophy course in college. She has to take a stand on an issue while also considering the other arguments in opposition to her own belief. As she is doing this assignment, she realizes that even though she believes her position to be correct, she can see how another perspective could be defended. Nicki illustrates ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention 
B)  divided attention 
C)  dualistic thinking 
D)  relativistic thinking

Question 2

Describe the plasticity of the brain in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Ahmed, a 17-year-old-boy, has been driving for a year and a half now having earned his permit when he was 15 ½ and his license at 16-years-old. He drives to and from school every day along with running errands for his mother after school. He does not really think about driving the way he used to when he was first learning. Ahmed is experiencing ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  post-formal reasoning 
B)  myelination 
C)  mutual perspective taking 
D)  automaticity

Question 4

Which process is defined as the specialization of the right and left hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

A)  myelination 
B)  lateralization 
C)  neurogenesis 
D)  synaptogenesis

Question 5

What is the relationship between stress and adolescent brain development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to stress is related to atrophy of dendrites and reduced dendritic growth. 
B)  Exposure to stress is related to an increase of dendritic growth and therefore synapses. 
C)  Exposure to stress is associated with an increase of brain volume. 
D)  Exposure to stress is associated with a decrease in aggression and growth in the amygdala.

Question 6

An adolescent may be administered either the WAIS-IV or the WISC-V to ascertain IQ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Perspective taking develops in stages according to Selman.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which statement is true about IQ differences within a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are more differences among individuals within a given population than between given ethnic groups. 
B)  There are no differences among individuals within a given population than between given ethnic groups. 
C)  There are more similarities among individuals within a given population than between given ethnic groups. 
D)  There are no similarities among individuals within a given population than between given ethnic groups.

Question 9

Which scenario requires assistance from the hippocampus area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Julie makes a decision about participating in the play. 
B)  Maria talks to her friend Jada. 
C)  Tasha remembers her lunch on the counter. 
D)  Priya is able to come up with the answer quickly.

Question 10

How are IQ scores associated with cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changes in IQ scores decrease the possibility of cognitive development. 
B)  IQ scores are higher in those with later cognitive development. 
C)  Changes in IQ scores run parallel with cognitive development. 
D)  IQ scores are decreased during the period of time for cognitive development.

Question 11

Which person is demonstrating formal operational reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kathryn is welding her project in class. 
B)  Jamal is playing his violin. 
C)  Tucker is matching block patterns. 
D)  Kayla is testing a hypothesis in science class.

Question 12

Explain the imaginary audience phenomena in adolescent egocentrism.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Victoria has just started seventh grade. She wants this year to go better than the last one in middle school. She searched and searched for just the right outfit to wear the first day of school. Once she got to school she remembered that she forgot to put on the scarf that she felt tied the entire outfit together. For the whole day, Victoria felt like everyone was commenting on what was missing from her outfit. Victoria is illustrating ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the personal fable 
B)  the imaginary audience 
C)  a sensitive period 
D)  reflective judgment

Question 14

Sophia wants to be accepted at her new high school. A group of girls at school have befriended Sophia, but they are pressuring her to drink with them after school. Sophia makes a spur of the moment decision to go ahead because she feels the need for acceptance. This poor decision is due to the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  underformed amygdala 
B)  heightened emotional arousal 
C)  reflective judgment of the situation 
D)  synaptic pruning in the brain

Question 15

How is perspective taking related to peer relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those adolescents who made advances in social perspective taking were not received well by others. 
B)  Those adolescents who were behind in social perspective taking were better received by others. 
C)  Those adolescents who made advances in social perspective taking were better received by others. 
D)  Those adolescents who were behind in social perspective taking were popular experience popularity.

Question 16

Carla's group, in psychology class, has been given the task of coming up with a modern day problem and applying one of the psychological perspectives to solve this problem. They first have to consider many of society's problems and then generate a hypothesis based on one of the perspectives. After they complete that part of the task, they must find a way to systematically test the use of this perspective. Carla's group is using ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  social perspective taking 
B)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning 
C)  response inhibition 
D)  selective attention

Question 17

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between synaptic pruning and the prefrontal cortex in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synaptic pruning occurs at an accelerated rate decreasing the unused synapses therefore thinning and molding the prefrontal cortex 
B)  Synaptic pruning increases the unmyelinated brain matter adding and molding the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  Myelinated brain matter is increased by synaptic pruning which then increases the speed of thought and decision-making in the prefrontal cortex. 
D)  Synaptic pruning decreases so that the molding of the prefrontal cortex may increase in unmyelinated neurons.

Question 18

Explain the role the brain plays in risk taking behavior. Provide an example of reward salience.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

How is neurological development related to working memory in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  With the continuing neurological development, adolescents are better able to use the executive function in working memory. 
B)  With the continuing neurological development, adolescents are better able to store information indefinitely in working memory. 
C)  With the continuing neurological development, adolescents decrease the amount of information that they process in working memory. 
D)  With the continuing neurological development, adolescents decrease the attention they pay to information as it goes through working memory.

Question 20

Explain which areas of the adolescent brain are particularly sensitive to the hormones released during stress.

Accepted Answer

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Exam 3: Cognitive Development