Question 1

Which of the following would be an example of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)  focus groups 
B)  laboratory research 
C)  structured questionnaires 
D)  longitudinal research 
E)  archival data

Question 2

When an investigator uses data that was previously compiled for some other purpose by someone else, she is using the __________ method.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report 
B)  observational 
C)  survey 
D)  correlational 
E)  archival

Question 3

Which of the following research methods may allow us to draw inferences about cause and effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  field study 
B)  correlational survey 
C)  self-report 
D)  archival 
E)  experimental

Question 4

How would you describe this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  mundane realism 
B)  psychological realism 
C)  processes in the lab 
D)  valid 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

Participants are told as fully as possible what will happen to them during the experiment. This is a necessary condition for:

Accepted Answer

A)  informed consent 
B)  debriefing 
C)  dehoaxing 
D)  desensitization 
E)  none of the above

Question 6

In research using questionnaires:

Accepted Answer

A)  the interviewer must ask leading questions 
B)  maintaining the participants' attention is never a problem 
C)  the answers are never open-ended 
D)  the results will be meaningless unless the sample of respondents is representative of the population of interest 
E)  both b and c

Question 7

Which of the following is an effort by psychology to deal with globalization?

Accepted Answer

A)  randomization of participants 
B)  field studies 
C)  non-reactive measures 
D)  cross-cultural research 
E)  intensive interviews

Question 8

The independent variable in a research study is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the result 
B)  the performance of the participants 
C)  the variable measured by the experimenter 
D)  the variable manipulated by the experimenter 
E)  a variable that stays constant

Question 9

To ensure that a difference between experimental and control groups is not due to differences prior to the experiment, what must we do?

Accepted Answer

A)  mundane realism 
B)  eliminate demand characteristics 
C)  random assignment of participants 
D)  double-blind 
E)  all of the above

Question 10

One way to increase __________ is by doing a field experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity 
B)  reliability 
C)  statistical significance 
D)  subject participation 
E)  external validity

Question 11

The most efficient way of ensuring representative sampling is through:

Accepted Answer

A)  mundane realism 
B)  controlling for all possible extraneous variables 
C)  randomization techniques 
D)  electing representatives 
E)  statistical inference

Question 12

If we are interested in generalizing results of our survey research, we must have a __________ sample.

Accepted Answer

A)  matched 
B)  representative 
C)  large 
D)  normal 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

We say that two variables are negatively correlated when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the experiment is poorly designed 
B)  as the score in one variable increases, the score in the other decreases 
C)  as the score in one variable decreases, the score in the other decreases 
D)  a low score in one variable is correlated with the score in the other 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

A technique in which neither the experimenter nor the subject is aware of the group to which the subject belongs is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  single-blind 
B)  double-blind 
C)  matching 
D)  blind-folding 
E)  quasi-experimental

Question 15

The major advantage of the field experiment over the laboratory experiment is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  participants are not aware that research is being conducted 
B)  its procedure is non-reactive 
C)  demand characteristics are absent 
D)  there is no evaluation apprehension 
E)  all of the above

Question 16

Care must be taken during data analysis, reporting and storage to ensure:

Accepted Answer

A)  confidentiality 
B)  self esteem 
C)  consent 
D)  debriefing 
E)  all of the above

Question 17

Evaluation apprehension:

Accepted Answer

A)  can be minimized by using nonreactive measures 
B)  is likely to be a factor in any research situation in which participants think their behaviour is being observed 
C)  causes participants to present themselves in a socially desirable manner 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is not true of the archival approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is non-reactive 
B)  events which could not be studied by other means may be examined 
C)  large populations may be studied over an expanse of time 
D)  it is a non-experimental method 
E)  it allows the researcher to control the dependent variables

Question 19

Which of the following distinguishes the correlational method from experimentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the correlational method uses fewer participants 
B)  no attempt is made to systematically manipulate one or more factors with the correlational method 
C)  the correlational method enables researchers to study social attitudes 
D)  the findings from the correlational method are more likely to be contaminated by the researcher's values 
E)  both a and b

Question 20

Which of the following is not a problem in cross-cultural research?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental situations may have different meanings in different cultures 
B)  participating in research may be a more profound or unusual experience for participants outside of North America and Western Europe 
C)  research methods may be difficult to adapt to different cultural contexts 
D)  translations of materials and instructions can lead to changes in nuances of meaning 
E)  all of the above

Exam 1: Studying Social Behaviour