Fifteen-Year-Old Kamaru Really Likes History Class, but He Does Not

Multiple Choice

Fifteen-year-old Kamaru really likes history class, but he does not see himself studying history in the future and is not sure how knowing history will help him. Consequently, he is not willing to invest a lot of time to do well in his history class. How would a developmental psychologist explain Kamaru's calculation of task value?

A) History has high interest value, attainment value, and utility value but is not worth the cost.
B) History has high attainment value and utility value but low interest value and, therefore, is not worth the cost.
C) History has high interest value and attainment value but low utility value and, therefore, is not worth the cost.
D) History has high interest value but low attainment value and utility value and, therefore, is not worth the cost.
E) History has high interest value, attainment value, and utility value and is worth the cost.