Question 1

In Life Course theory, the period effect occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)   When people from different cultures are impacted by an historical event
B)   When an historical event exerts a uniform influence across all birth cohorts
C)   When people react to changes in relationships
D)   When decision making changes an individuals life B

Question 2

According to Vygotsky, internalisation refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Imprinting
B)   The microsystem
C)   The operational stage of development
D)   The shift from interpersonal level to intrapersonal level D

Question 3

The stage of Crisis relates to which of the following theorist(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)   Erikson
B)   Klahr and MacWhinney
C)   Piaget
D)   Bronfenbrenner A

Question 4

Which developmental theorist suggests that human development is an interaction of somatic ego and societal systems?

Accepted Answer

A)   Elder
B)   Bandura
C)   Erikson
D)   Freud

Question 5

Which of the following relate to formal theories:

Accepted Answer

A)   Changes in relationships to domains
B)   Ethology
C)   Interconnected hypotheses, definitions, axioms and laws
D)   Macrosystems

Question 6

The concept of ethology is determined as that of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Understanding the adaptive value of behaviour and its evolutionary history
B)   Behaviour according to cultural and environmental influences
C)   The emphasis of aspects of the environment impacting a child's development
D)   Moulding behaviour through stimulus-response association

Question 7

Natural selection relates to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Being chosen to demonstrate certain behaviours
B)   Passing on changes to physical structure or behaviour as part of survival advantage through generations via genes
C)   The acquisition of 'following behaviour'
D)   The interactions of genes and environments

Question 8

An exosystem is best described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   The immediate surroundings in which an individual lives
B)   The social environment by which an individual is influenced
C)   Broad social settings providing support for the developing child and adult
D)   The interaction of the child with other more skilled members of the culture

Question 9

What role do information processing theories play in the study of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)   They assist in the understanding of the interaction between genetics and the environment
B)   They emphasize the importance of environmental influences
C)   They require the researcher to map out the steps which are believed to best describe the flow of information through the human mind
D)   They assist the understanding of why the child reorganizes a behaviour pattern such that any part of their integrated and complex system can adjust

Question 10

Which of the following theorists can be said to offer a contextual theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Erikson
B)   Bronfenbrenner
C)   Freud
D)   Watson

Exam 2: Theories of Development