Question 1

Unlike other cells, neurons in V1 with receptive fields that straddle the midline rely on axons that travel in the

Accepted Answer

A)  optic chiasm. 
B)  optic disc. 
C)  optic nerve. 
D)  corpus callosum. 
E)  hypothalamus.

Question 2

The bundles of axons leaving the LGN are called

Accepted Answer

A)  optic radiation. 
B)  coronal pathway. 
C)  optic nerve. 
D)  optic tract. 
E)  geniculocortical fascicles.

Question 3

What is the significance of blobs (cytochrome oxidase-positive regions) in the primary visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  These regions are part of the orientation column structure. 
B)  These regions contain cells sensitive to object motion. 
C)  These regions are binocular regions of cortex. 
D)  These regions contain color-sensitive cells. 
E)  These regions are the centers of "pinwheels."

Question 4

The elongated receptive field of some cells in V1 can be accounted for by

Accepted Answer

A)  long horizontal axon connections within primary visual cortex. 
B)  dense dendritic trees in layers 2 and 3 of primary visual cortex. 
C)  the connections of cells from the contralateral hemisphere via the corpus callosum. 
D)  intermingling of connections from the LGN in layer 4 of the primary visual cortex. 
E)  connections from V2 back onto V1 cells.

Question 5

An axon originating outside of the primary visual cortex and terminating in layer IV is most likely coming from the

Accepted Answer

A)  pulvinar nucleus. 
B)  lateral geniculate nucleus. 
C)  superior colliculus. 
D)  visual cortex. 
E)  auditory cortex.

Question 6

If an anterograde dye is injected into a single layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus, what will the resulting pattern of axons look like in the primary visual cortex? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an anterograde dye is injected into...

Question 7

The primary visual cortex in a single hemisphere receives information from

Accepted Answer

A)  the entire visual field in a single eye. 
B)  the same half of the visual field (left or right) from both eyes. 
C)  the opposite half of the visual field (left or right) from both eyes. 
D)  the entire visual field in both eyes. 
E)  one half of the visual field (left or right) from a single eye.

Question 8

Thick stripes in V2 receive information primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  blobs. 
B)  parvocellular pathways. 
C)  magnocellular pathways. 
D)  thin stripes. 
E)  pale stripes.

Question 9

You are conducting an experiment in which you inject radioactive amino acids into one eye. Several days later, you examine the visual cortex. What results do you see? Provide an interpretation for your observations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are conducting an experiment in which...

Question 10

Injection of horseradish peroxidase in thin stripes results in label in cells in

Accepted Answer

A)  blobs in V1 
B)  thick stripes in V2 
C)  interblobs in V1 
D)  pale stripes in V2 
E)  M layers of the LGN

Question 11

Adjacent hypercolumns will provide information about

Accepted Answer

A)  distinct regions of the visual field. 
B)  alternating eye dominance (ipsilateral vs contralateral). 
C)  adjacent, overlapping parts of the visual field. 
D)  different visual properties for the same region of the visual field. 
E)  adjacent orientations of visual stimuli.

Question 12

Describe the retinotopic organization of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the retinotopic organization of the cortex....

Question 13

Cells in V1 that have receptive fields that straddle middle of the visual field are found

Accepted Answer

A)  at the very caudal part of V1. 
B)  in the middle of V1. 
C)  along the boundary of V1 and V2. 
D)  at the dorsal edge of V1. 
E)  along the ventral portion of V1.

Question 14

Which of these cells, found in the retina, sends axons to the lateral geniculate nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retinal ganglion cells 
B)  Bipolar cells 
C)  Horizontal cells 
D)  Amacrine cells 
E)  Photoreceptors

Question 15

What characterizes cells in blobs? What does this suggest about their function?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What characterizes cells in blobs? What does...

Question 16

How many layers of cells are there in the primary visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  6

Question 17

Which of the following is true of ocular dominance among cells in V1?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most cells respond equally well to input to both eyes. 
B)  Most cells respond only to the ipsilateral eye. 
C)  Most cells respond only to the contralateral eye. 
D)  Most cells display responses to both eyes, but prefer one over the other. 
E)  Cells are equally likely to display all of these traits.

Question 18

The transition between cortical areas V1 and V2 is marked by

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in coloration of the tissue. 
B)  a change from blobs to stripes in tissue stained with cytochrome oxidase. 
C)  the size of single cells in layer 2. 
D)  the thickness of cortical layer 4. 
E)  a shift from ipsilateral to contralateral eye dominance.

Question 19

Cells that respond to depth are often found in

Accepted Answer

A)  V1. 
B)  V2. 
C)  association areas of visual cortex. 
D)  the LGN. 
E)  the retina.

Question 20

In an experiment, you inject a neuronal tracer into a cell with a horizontal orientation preference. What is true of the cells in the cortical areas this neuron will project to?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will have a vertical orientation preference. 
B)  They will have a horizontal orientation preference. 
C)  They will have an oblique orientation preference. 
D)  They will have many orientation preferences, but not horizontal. 
E)  They will not display any patterns for orientation preference.

Exam 3: Functional Architecture of the Visual Cortex