Question 1

The availability of alcohol and drugs and economic deprivation in a neighborhood is a ______ level risk factor for adolescent problem behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)   individual
B)   primary
C)   community
D)   peer C

Question 2

Which theorists studied upper-level drug dealers and smugglers in California, finding a stratification within deviant careers?

Accepted Answer

A)   Agnew and Merton
B)   Sykes and Matza
C)   Adler and Adler
D)   Adler and Turk C

Question 3

At the community level, encouraging programs that provide opportunities for conventional involvement and rewards for doing good things in the neighborhood is an example of a ______ factor against adolescent problem behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)   government
B)   criminal justice
C)   neighborhood-driven
D)   protective D

Question 4

It is easy to apply a career deviance perspective to mental and physical disorders and the behaviors that accompany them because they change greatly over the life course.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Research suggests that repeat DUI offenders are generalists, engaging in forms of deviance unrelated to alcohol and automobiles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Research suggests that spirituality can be something that will aid those involved in career deviance with desisting from their deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Amy lived a pretty normal life. When she met Todd, he introduced her into the lifestyle of swinging-when an otherwise monogamous couple agrees to swap sexual partners with another couple. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)   demedicalization of deviance
B)   escalation of deviance
C)   desistance from a deviant career
D)   onset of deviant career

Question 8

Since marijuana has been legalized in many states, use of heroin by adolescents has skyrocketed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Rocque, Posick, Marshall, and Piquero (2015) obtained and analyzed data from the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD2) to address a lack of cross-cultural research on career criminality. What was a weakness of their research?

Accepted Answer

A)   The data were falsified.
B)   The sample size was too small.
C)   It included no women.
D)   It used secondary data.

Question 10

A ______ deviant is one who becomes involved in deviant behavior as a sequence of deviant events that occur over time with a beginning and an end.

Accepted Answer

A)   sporadic
B)   career
C)   short-term
D)   lifelong

Question 11

What does research suggest about the connection between being a sexual minority and alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does research suggest about the connection...

Question 12

What does research suggest about whether criminals specialize in a certain type of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most research finds juvenile offenders, but not adult offenders, are specialists.
B)   Most research suggests that sex offenders are specialists, but not other offender types.
C)   Most research supports the idea that criminals specialize.
D)   Most research suggests that most criminals are generalists.

Question 13

Describe the socially interactive stages related to becoming a marijuana user that Becker discussed in his 1953 marijuana use study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the socially interactive stages related to...

Question 14

According to Baker et al. (2010) prostitutes go through a series of stages when they try to leave prostitution. Which list below describes those stages in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)   immersion, awareness, deliberate planning, initial exit, and final exit
B)   deliberate planning, awareness, immersion, initial exit, and final exit
C)   awareness, immersion, deliberate planning, initial exit, and final exit
D)   deliberate planning, immersion, awareness, initial exit, and final exit

Question 15

Select a deviant behavior. Describe that behavior in terms of onset, escalation/continuation, and desistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select a deviant behavior. Describe that behavior...

Question 16

The Life Course approach to deviance has no empirical value for understanding why criminal careers and career deviance begin and end.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Whether ______ summarizes the "great debate" among criminologists studying career deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)   demographically diverse studies are necessary
B)   longitudinal studies are necessary
C)   studies focus too much on male deviance
D)   studies focus too much on criminal deviance

Question 18

Adler and Adler's (1983) found that upper-level drug dealers and smugglers had a relatively easy time leaving their deviant career compared to other career deviants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Once a deviant issue is defined as worthy of developing programs or policies for, then we need to think about ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   identifying protective factors that might be important
B)   identifying specific areas of the country to target
C)   recognizing the we cannot eliminate deviant behavior
D)   finding ways to monitor deviants

Question 20

Which of the following accurately describes a major challenge of developing policies and programs to address deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Traditional policies and programs do not effectively prevent crime.
B)   It is difficult to predict unintended consequences of policies and programs.
C)   Criminals are fundamentally different from everyone else.
D)   We cannot develop programs to combat crime across all demographics.

Exam 12: Deviant Careers and Career Deviance

The availability of alcohol and drugs and economic deprivation in a neighborhood is a ______ level risk factor for adolescent problem behaviors.

Which theorists studied upper-level drug dealers and smugglers in California, finding a stratification within deviant careers?

At the community level, encouraging programs that provide opportunities for conventional involvement and rewards for doing good things in the neighborhood is an example of a ______ factor against adolescent problem behaviors.

It is easy to apply a career deviance perspective to mental and physical disorders and the behaviors that accompany them because they change greatly over the life course.

Research suggests that repeat DUI offenders are generalists, engaging in forms of deviance unrelated to alcohol and automobiles.

Research suggests that spirituality can be something that will aid those involved in career deviance with desisting from their deviance.

Amy lived a pretty normal life. When she met Todd, he introduced her into the lifestyle of swinging-when an otherwise monogamous couple agrees to swap sexual partners with another couple. What is this an example of?

Since marijuana has been legalized in many states, use of heroin by adolescents has skyrocketed.

Rocque, Posick, Marshall, and Piquero (2015) obtained and analyzed data from the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD2) to address a lack of cross-cultural research on career criminality. What was a weakness of their research?

A ______ deviant is one who becomes involved in deviant behavior as a sequence of deviant events that occur over time with a beginning and an end.

What does research suggest about the connection between being a sexual minority and alcohol?

What does research suggest about whether criminals specialize in a certain type of crime?

Describe the socially interactive stages related to becoming a marijuana user that Becker discussed in his 1953 marijuana use study.

According to Baker et al. (2010) prostitutes go through a series of stages when they try to leave prostitution. Which list below describes those stages in the correct order?

Select a deviant behavior. Describe that behavior in terms of onset, escalation/continuation, and desistance.

The Life Course approach to deviance has no empirical value for understanding why criminal careers and career deviance begin and end.

Whether ______ summarizes the "great debate" among criminologists studying career deviance?

Adler and Adler's (1983) found that upper-level drug dealers and smugglers had a relatively easy time leaving their deviant career compared to other career deviants.

Once a deviant issue is defined as worthy of developing programs or policies for, then we need to think about ______.

Which of the following accurately describes a major challenge of developing policies and programs to address deviant behavior?