Question 1

In the United States it is considered less acceptable to show negative emotions to acquaintances than to family and close friends; in Japan, the opposite is true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Evidence indicates that all positive emotions include a strong Duchenne smile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The Facial Action Coding System assigns a numeric code to each combination of muscle movements associated with a particular emotion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following emotions are often confused with each other in studies of recognition based on facial expression, posture, and nonverbal vocal expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anger and fear 
B)  Surprise and happiness 
C)  Disgust and sadness 
D)  Fear and surprise

Question 5

Which of the following was NOT a limitation of Charles Darwin's original studies of emotional expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin only collected data regarding the expressions of people in England; he did not investigate expressions in other parts of the world. 
B)  Darwin relied on his acquaintances' assumptions about the emotions of the people making the expressions, rather than measuring the emotions directly. 
C)  Darwin's questions were phrased in a way that told observers what the expressions should look like, rather than allowing the observers to describe the expressions in their own words. 
D)  All of the limitations described above were present in Darwin's original studies.

Question 6

Evidence is strongly consistent with William James's theory that, if you are physically unable to produce an emotional expression, you will not feel that emotion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following muscle movements defines a Duchenne smile, as distinct from a non-Duchenne smile?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lifting the inner and outer eyebrows 
B)  Parting the lips and opening the mouth wide 
C)  Wrinkling the nose 
D)  Contraction of the large muscle surrounding the eyes

Question 8

Biting one's tongue is a common expression of among the .

Accepted Answer

A)  schadenfreude; Germans 
B)  litost; Czech 
C)  lajya; Orissa in India 
D)  hasham; Bedouin

Question 9

Hilary Elfenbein and colleagues (2007) have proposed that people in different cultures have different "accents" to their facial expressions of emotion. In order to demonstrate this phenomenon, they studied expressions of several emotions, as posed by participants in Quebec, Canada, and Gabon, Africa. Which of the following most accurately describes their findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  The muscles moved by participants in the two groups were the same, but the movements by African participants were more intense than the movements by Canadian participants. 
B)  Poses by each group included muscle movements associated with the prototype expression of the emotion, but each group emphasized somewhat different sets of movements. 
C)  Muscles moved in poses by the two groups were completely different, although individuals within each culture could recognize the expressions accurately. 
D)  Results of this study are meaningless, because participants in the two groups spoke different languages.

Question 10

Large-scale analyses of many studies indicate that people identify emotional expressions with somewhat greater accuracy when participant and poser are from the same culture, rather than different cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is the best definition of conceptual replication, as described in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  A new study that repeats the methods of an old study, to see whether the results are the same 
B)  A new study that addresses the same hypothesis as an existing study, but uses somewhat different methods 
C)  A study asking whether two measures of emotion are highly correlated with each other, suggesting that they measure the same concept 
D)  A situation in which two researchers agree on the theoretical principles behind their research

Question 12

The study by Strack and colleagues (1998), in which participants held a pen in their teeth and rated the funniness of various cartoons, was designed to test which hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic/discrete emotion hypothesis 
B)  The facial expression recognition hypothesis 
C)  The facial feedback hypothesis 
D)  The core relational theme hypothesis

Question 13

A set of studies by Hillel Aviezer and colleagues (2012) suggests that posture may be more important than facial expression for communicating , especially in intense emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)  valence 
B)  approach motivation 
C)  avoidance motivation 
D)  fear

Question 14

Which of the following best summarizes the implications of Hilary Elfenbein and colleagues' (2007) study of emotional expressions in Quebec, Canada and Gabon, Africa?

Accepted Answer

A)  People in different cultures pose similar, but subtly different, expressions when asked to pose specific emotions; this is why people are somewhat better at recognizing expressions posed by someone from their own culture. 
B)  Although people in different cultures show identical expressions when asked to pose specific emotions, they are better are recognizing expressions from their own culture because the faces themselves look more familiar. 
C)  People in different cultures pose subtly different expressions when asked to pose specific emotions, but because they all approximate the universal template, they are no better at recognizing expressions pose by someone from their own vs. a different culture. 
D)  Although people in different cultures show identical expressions when asked to pose specific emotions, they are better are recognizing expressions from their own culture because poser and participant have the same emotion vocabulary.

Question 15

What is Möbius syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  A neurodegenerative disorder in which people are unable to control their posture 
B)  A genetic condition in which people are physically unable to smile 
C)  A developmental disorder in which children do not learn to recognize others' emotional expressions 
D)  An inherited condition in which people's tone of voice is flat an inexpressive

Question 16

Summarize the results of Hilary Elfenbein and colleagues' (2007) study of emotion expression and recognition in Quebec, Canada and Gabon, Africa.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the results of Hilary Elfenbein and...

Question 17

Findings from the Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) study with the pen and cartoons suggested that facial expressions can cause changes in emotional feelings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following theories predicts that people's facial expressions of emotion are determined in part by universal human nature, and in part by social and cultural learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basic/discrete emotions theory 
B)  Core affect/Psychological construction theory 
C)  The component process model 
D)  All of the theories above would make this prediction.

Question 19

The Facial Action Coding System assigns a number to:

Accepted Answer

A)  each emotion that is expressed through patterns of facial muscle contraction. 
B)  every combination of facial muscle contractions that had previously been linked to a specific emotion. 
C)  each dimension of appraisal that leads to a change in facial muscle contraction. 
D)  the set of effects produced by contracting each facial muscle (or section of a muscle) on the appearance of the face.

Question 20

Evidence is strongest that which of the following positive emotions has a cross-culturally recognized facial and postural expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  awe 
B)  compassion 
C)  love 
D)  pride

Exam 5: Emotional Expression in the Face, Posture, and Voice

In the United States it is considered less acceptable to show negative emotions to acquaintances than to family and close friends; in Japan, the opposite is true.

Evidence indicates that all positive emotions include a strong Duchenne smile.

The Facial Action Coding System assigns a numeric code to each combination of muscle movements associated with a particular emotion.

Which of the following emotions are often confused with each other in studies of recognition based on facial expression, posture, and nonverbal vocal expression?

Which of the following was NOT a limitation of Charles Darwin's original studies of emotional expression?

Evidence is strongly consistent with William James's theory that, if you are physically unable to produce an emotional expression, you will not feel that emotion.

Which of the following muscle movements defines a Duchenne smile, as distinct from a non-Duchenne smile?

Biting one's tongue is a common expression of among the .

Large-scale analyses of many studies indicate that people identify emotional expressions with somewhat greater accuracy when participant and poser are from the same culture, rather than different cultures.

Which of the following is the best definition of conceptual replication, as described in your textbook?

The study by Strack and colleagues (1998) , in which participants held a pen in their teeth and rated the funniness of various cartoons, was designed to test which hypothesis?

A set of studies by Hillel Aviezer and colleagues (2012) suggests that posture may be more important than facial expression for communicating , especially in intense emotional experiences.

Which of the following best summarizes the implications of Hilary Elfenbein and colleagues' (2007) study of emotional expressions in Quebec, Canada and Gabon, Africa?

What is Möbius syndrome?

Summarize the results of Hilary Elfenbein and colleagues' (2007) study of emotion expression and recognition in Quebec, Canada and Gabon, Africa.

Findings from the Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) study with the pen and cartoons suggested that facial expressions can cause changes in emotional feelings.

Which of the following theories predicts that people's facial expressions of emotion are determined in part by universal human nature, and in part by social and cultural learning?

The Facial Action Coding System assigns a number to:

Evidence is strongest that which of the following positive emotions has a cross-culturally recognized facial and postural expression?