Question 1

Which of the following does not facilitate the formation of a classically conditioned association?

Accepted Answer

A)  Novel CS or US 
B)  Intense CS or US 
C)  Relatively short interval between the CS and US 
D)  Massed-trials training procedure

Question 2

Because trains are large, fast, and difficult to stop, pedestrian and automobile warning signals must be triggered when the train is still quite a distance from the railroad crossing. At railroad crossings that have lights and bells but no crossing gates, drivers often ignore the warnings and cross the tracks because they get frustrated waiting for the train to pass. This problem is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  differential inhibition. 
B)  conditioned inhibition. 
C)  explicitly unpaired inhibition 
D)  inhibition-of-delay.

Question 3

The unconditional stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A)  an event that naturally elicits a reliable and measurable response. 
B)  a learned event that elicits a reliable and measurable response. 
C)  an event that does not initially elicit a response but will do so after it has been presented a few times. 
D)  an event that will elicit a reliable and measurable response after the subject has been preexposed to the event.

Question 4

Which term does not belong with the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spontaneous recovery 
B)  Generalization 
C)  Acquisition 
D)  Extinction

Question 5

A dog handler who has paired a click sound made by a metallic clicker with food observes that the dog will also react to the snapping of her fingers or a clicking sound she makes with her mouth. The dog's response to similar auditory cues is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  acquisition. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  habituation.

Question 6

_______ counteracts an excitatory association.

Accepted Answer

A)  The removal of novelty 
B)  Backward conditioning 
C)  Blocking 
D)  Conditioned inhibition

Question 7

Which statement about conditioned suppression is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has significant relevance for most anxiety therapies. 
B)  Conditioned emotions produce motivational effects. 
C)  Conditioning proceeds very slowly, thereby reducing measurement problems. 
D)  It was used to discover and study many of the most important conditioning phenomena.

Question 8

The smell of cooked cabbage makes Sydney a little nauseous. One night she gets violently ill after an evening of eating fast food. The next day the smell of cooked cabbage makes her vomit. What happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  She developed a taste aversion to cooked cabbage. 
B)  She was pseudoconditioned. 
C)  The bout of illness sensitized her to the cabbage. 
D)  She experienced latent inhibition

Question 9

The conditional stimulus is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  innate trigger. 
B)  sign stimulus or releaser. 
C)  stimulus that can produce no response on its own 
D)  learned trigger.

Question 10

Imagine your social network is very small, and you only receive calls from your significant other when she is out of town. When she is away, she calls you several times a day. One afternoon, when she is home, you are suddenly very startled by the phone ringing. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differential inhibition made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone. 
B)  Conditioned inhibition made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone. 
C)  A negative correlation made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone. 
D)  Inhibition-of-delay made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone.

Question 11

Stimulus substitution refers to the theory by which classical conditioning results in a

Accepted Answer

A)  learned response that looks like the reflex response. 
B)  learned response that is triggered by the US. 
C)  neutral stimulus that functions like a US. 
D)  change in the meaning of a non-neutral stimulus

Question 12

Refer to the scenario below to answer the questions that follow.
While you are stopped at a traffic light and listening to a new song on the radio, you are rear-ended by the driver behind you. You suffer mild whiplash and minor bruising, and you are terribly frightened by the accident. Weeks later, you still get anxious whenever you hear the song that was on the radio at the time of the accident.
-The fear you now experience whenever you hear the song that was playing at the time of the accident would be the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional stimulus. 
B)  unconditional response. 
C)  conditional stimulus. 
D)  conditional response.

Question 13

Which of the following tests is not used to test for conditioned inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retardation-of-acquisition 
B)  Bidirectional response 
C)  Summation 
D)  Preexposure

Question 14

Many cats and dogs come running into the kitchen whenever they hear the sound of the can opener. Explain how this behavior could have arisen, using your understanding of classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many cats and dogs come running into...

Question 15

Which object is likely to be an unconditional stimulus in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cube of sugar 
B)  A fly 
C)  A shiny object 
D)  A remote control

Question 16

When a researcher presents both the CS and US at irregular and nonoptimal timing intervals, subjects can learn that the CS predicts that the US will not happen. This inhibitory conditioning procedure is most like _______ inhibition.

Accepted Answer

A)  differential 
B)  conditioned 
C)  backward 
D)  explicitly unpaired

Question 17

Eric and his girlfriend Sydney are equally good bowlers. Eric's team never wins without him. When Sydney begins to play with Eric on his team, what will she need to do to get equal credit for their team's victories?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eric and his girlfriend Sydney are equally...

Question 18

At the start of classical conditioning, the conditional stimulus typically elicits

Accepted Answer

A)  a reliable and measurable response. 
B)  an orienting response. 
C)  no response of any type. 
D)  an exaggerated response that with training becomes a smaller version of the UR.

Question 19

The blocking phenomenon is said to occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  a preexposed stimulus develops into a strong excitatory CS during training. 
B)  a conditioned inhibitor is easily converted into a strong excitatory CS during training. 
C)  nothing is learned about a novel stimulus despite compound training with an established excitatory CS. 
D)  pairing a novel stimulus with an established excitatory CS prevents learning anything about the compound.

Question 20

Your friend is showing you an advertisement for "Pizza and Pasta World" just as your fitness coach from the gym approaches you on the street. You suddenly feel somewhat upset. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  You feel guilty. 
B)  Your coach might be a conditioned inhibitor for poor health practices. 
C)  You normally release endorphins around your coach. 
D)  You are associating your friend with your coach.

Exam 3: The Nuts and Bolts of Classical Conditioning