Question 1

The study of where the materials found in a site were obtained, how much of an effort was necessary to procure them, and how that procurement affected settlement patterns is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   paleodemography
B)   bioanthropology
C)   catchment analysis
D)   settlement archaeology C

Question 2

What gender roles did archaeologists uncover about the ancient people of Tasmania?

Accepted Answer

A)   men fished and women tended fields of grain
B)   no difference in gender roles
C)   men herded domestic animals and women tended fields of grain
D)   men hunted on land and women harvested from the sea D

Question 3

How did the gradual adoption of agriculture change early human societies?

Accepted Answer

The gradual adoption of agriculture changed early human societies in several significant ways. Firstly, it led to the development of settled communities as people began to cultivate crops and raise animals in one place rather than constantly moving in search of food. This shift from a nomadic lifestyle to a sedentary one had profound effects on social organization, as it necessitated the establishment of permanent dwellings and the division of labor within these communities.

Additionally, the adoption of agriculture allowed for a more reliable and consistent food supply, which in turn led to population growth. With more people living in close proximity, social structures became more complex, and new forms of governance and leadership emerged to manage the growing communities.

Furthermore, the surplus of food produced through agriculture enabled the development of trade and commerce, as communities could now produce more than they needed for their own sustenance. This led to the exchange of goods and ideas between different groups, contributing to the spread of technology, culture, and innovation.

The adoption of agriculture also had a profound impact on the environment, as early farmers began to manipulate and shape the landscape to suit their agricultural needs. This led to the domestication of plants and animals, as well as the development of irrigation systems and other agricultural technologies.

Overall, the gradual adoption of agriculture fundamentally transformed early human societies, leading to the development of settled communities, the growth of population and social complexity, the emergence of trade and commerce, and the manipulation of the environment to support agricultural practices.

Question 4

Specialists who study faunal remains are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   palaeobotanists
B)   zooarchaeologists
C)   palynologists
D)   osteopaths

Question 5

Foragers are also known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   pastoralists
B)   hunters and gatherers
C)   herders
D)   horticulturalists

Question 6

What is the difference between using NISP and MNI for quantifying ecofactual remains?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between using NISP...

Question 7

One of the most commonly used measures of quantification for faunal remains is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   minimum number of individuals (MNI) 
B)   estimates of species diversity from counts and weights
C)   fragmentation effect
D)   ubiquity

Question 8

Quantitative methods used to measure botanical remains include all of the following except for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   absolute counts and weights
B)   various ratios
C)   flotation
D)   ubiquity

Question 9

What do archaeologists learn from studying the settlement patterns of a group of ancient people?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do archaeologists learn from studying the...

Question 10

All of the following are examples of botanical remains except for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   pollen
B)   seeds
C)   charcoal
D)   polyvinyl

Question 11

The study of prehistoric populations is called ________

Accepted Answer

A)   paleodemography
B)   bioanthropology
C)   catchment analysis
D)   settlement impact

Question 12

Because of new understanding of settlement patterns, archaeologists now believe that large Maya ceremonial sites were located in _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   areas with small local populations
B)   a regional area of no towns
C)   areas with no local population
D)   cities with large urban populations

Question 13

The settlement pattern in which only one segment of the population moves with their animals seasonally while the rest of the population stays in one place is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fusion-fusion pattern
B)   sedentary settlement
C)   seasonal round
D)   seasonal transhumance

Question 14

In analyzing the settlement archaeology of a site archaeologists study four major components: the dating or age of the site, site structure, site function, and _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   season of occupation
B)   gender roles of occupants
C)   distances between similar sites
D)   site depth

Question 15

The manner in which a particular group organized its settlements and occupied its geographic space is called its ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   settlement pattern
B)   seasonal round
C)   ubiquity
D)   fusion-fusion pattern

Question 16

About 5,000 years ago a major staple for native California groups was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   acorns
B)   maize
C)   cactus
D)   rabbit

Question 17

What did archaeologists find that was unusual among the ancient peoples of Tasmania about 3,500 years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)   the people migrated back to Australia
B)   the people suddenly stopped fishing
C)   the people stopped cutting down trees
D)   the people moved away from coastal areas

Question 18

A low-intensity system of food production using domesticated plants, such as yams, grown in small fields or gardens using only human labor is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   intensive agriculture
B)   foraging
C)   pastoralism
D)   horticulture

Question 19

What revolutionary technique do archaeologists use to separate botanical remains from a soil sample?

Accepted Answer

A)   catchment analysis
B)   flotation
C)   seriation
D)   ubiquity

Question 20

Describe the basic characteristics of the four primary subsistence systems for ancient people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the basic characteristics of the four...

Exam 10: Understanding Past Settlement and Subsistence