Question 1

Compare and contrast the different levels of measurement and give an example of each measurement level.

Accepted Answer

The different levels of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.

Nominal measurement is the simplest level of measurement and involves categorizing data into distinct groups with no specific order or ranking. An example of nominal measurement is classifying people by their eye color (e.g. blue, brown, green).

Ordinal measurement involves categorizing data into distinct groups with a specific order or ranking. An example of ordinal measurement is ranking students based on their academic performance (e.g. first place, second place, third place).

Interval measurement involves categorizing data into distinct groups with a specific order or ranking, as well as having equal intervals between the categories. An example of interval measurement is measuring temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit, where the difference between 10 and 20 degrees is the same as the difference between 20 and 30 degrees.

Ratio measurement is the highest level of measurement and includes all the characteristics of the other levels, as well as a true zero point, meaning that a value of zero indicates the absence of the characteristic being measured. An example of ratio measurement is measuring weight, where a weight of zero indicates the absence of weight.

In summary, the different levels of measurement vary in terms of the amount of information they provide and the mathematical operations that can be performed on the data. Each level has its own unique characteristics and examples that demonstrate how they are used in practice.

Question 2

Academic majors such as psychology are ______ variables.

Accepted Answer

A)   categorical
B)   ordinal
C)   interval
D)   ratio A

Question 3

If most of the students in your class are 21 than the ______ age of your class is 21.

Accepted Answer

A)   mode
B)   mean
C)   median
D)   range A

Question 4

______ is a measure of dispersion, expressed in the standard units, that indicates the average distance that any given score in a distribution of scores will be from the mean score in that distribution.

Accepted Answer

A)   Range
B)   Mean
C)   Mode
D)   Standard deviation

Question 5

The ______ is the "typical" datum for each variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   measure of central tendency
B)   level of measurement
C)   datum rate
D)   datum range

Question 6

Deviations computed in terms of standard deviation units "S-scores."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The average age of an assistant professor at the local college is 43. This is the ______ age of faculty.

Accepted Answer

A)   mode
B)   mean
C)   median
D)   range

Question 8

Consider your role as a student at your university. Identify one issue that you think students are concerned about (e.g., parking). Prepare a brief questionnaire to use to survey students regarding this issue. There should be at least one question per each level of measurement. Create a hypothetical frequency distribution and compute descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency for your data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider your role as a student at...

Question 9

College professors are classified by rank with clear academic hierarchy between the levels. Which level of measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   categorical
B)   ordinal
C)   interval
D)   ratio

Question 10

______ variables differ in kind but have no order or magnitude underlying their differences.

Accepted Answer

A)   Categorical
B)   Ordinal
C)   Interval
D)   Ratio

Question 11

______ is a technique that's used to address what occurs when certain assumptions that are required by probability theory are violated.

Accepted Answer

A)   Probability technique
B)   Bonferroni technique
C)   "Monte Carlo" computer simulation
D)   Jackknifing

Question 12

Scatterplot diagrams are a useful way to see what kinds of relationships might exist between your variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Percentages are theoretical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The ______ is the centermost score in a distribution of scores, the score that splits a distribution of scores in half such that 50% of the scores lie above it and 50% lie below it.

Accepted Answer

A)   mode
B)   mean
C)   median
D)   range

Question 15

______ allows us to assess whether two categorical variables are associated more strongly than would be expected based on chance variation alone.

Accepted Answer

A)   Chi-square
B)   Cross-tabulations
C)   Scatterplot
D)   Bonferroni technique

Question 16

Consider the idea of variables and constants and include a discussion of what variables and constants exist in a typical classroom setting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the idea of variables and constants...

Question 17

The mode identifies the score or scores that are "atypical" in the sense that they represent "the least frequently occurring category."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Levels of measurements do not impact the range of mathematical operations you can legitimately perform on your data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Summarize the examination of relationships among continuous variables and discuss the statistical techniques used to analyze them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the examination of relationships among continuous...

Question 20

A ______ is anything that varies.

Accepted Answer

A)   statistic
B)   constant
C)   variable
D)   measurement

Exam 14: Analyzing Numerical Data

Compare and contrast the different levels of measurement and give an example of each measurement level.

Academic majors such as psychology are ______ variables.

If most of the students in your class are 21 than the ______ age of your class is 21.

______ is a measure of dispersion, expressed in the standard units, that indicates the average distance that any given score in a distribution of scores will be from the mean score in that distribution.

The ______ is the "typical" datum for each variable.

Deviations computed in terms of standard deviation units "S-scores."

The average age of an assistant professor at the local college is 43. This is the ______ age of faculty.

College professors are classified by rank with clear academic hierarchy between the levels. Which level of measurement is this?

______ variables differ in kind but have no order or magnitude underlying their differences.

______ is a technique that's used to address what occurs when certain assumptions that are required by probability theory are violated.

Scatterplot diagrams are a useful way to see what kinds of relationships might exist between your variables.

Percentages are theoretical.

The ______ is the centermost score in a distribution of scores, the score that splits a distribution of scores in half such that 50% of the scores lie above it and 50% lie below it.

______ allows us to assess whether two categorical variables are associated more strongly than would be expected based on chance variation alone.

Consider the idea of variables and constants and include a discussion of what variables and constants exist in a typical classroom setting.

The mode identifies the score or scores that are "atypical" in the sense that they represent "the least frequently occurring category."

Levels of measurements do not impact the range of mathematical operations you can legitimately perform on your data.

Summarize the examination of relationships among continuous variables and discuss the statistical techniques used to analyze them.

A ______ is anything that varies.