Question 1

How is the term "risk" defined in the context of quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)   high incidence of a particular event
B)   probability of occurrence of an event
C)   prevalence of an event over a period
D)   ratio of flow over stock of a variable B

Question 2

Among 2,000 widgets produced by a manufacturing company in 2 hr, seven widgets are found to be defective, on average. What is the defective rate of widgets per 2,000 units produced?

Accepted Answer

A)   .00175
B)   .175%
C)   .007
D)   .35% D

Question 3

Which of the following measures is used for auto insurance claims made in the year 2020 by policyholders of an insurance company?

Accepted Answer

A)   integer
B)   count
C)   rating
D)   real B

Question 4

Provide an example that distinguishes "incidence" from "prevalence." Explain the two terms with the help of your example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example that distinguishes "incidence" from...

Question 5

When reporting a percentage change, the base value should also be stated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Why is a ratio usually a better calculation than a simple difference?

Accepted Answer

A)   It adjusts for magnitude of the base value by context.
B)   It provides a smaller number for comparison.
C)   It can be represented by any measure.
D)   It can be converted into a percentage value.

Question 7

In your own words, define the term "risk" in the context of research. Illustrate with an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your own words, define the term...

Question 8

Magnitude of risks that differ by context are usually reported as relative risks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A "percentage of" expresses the numerator as a percent of which value?

Accepted Answer

A)   risk factor
B)   numerator of first time point
C)   difference of two values
D)   denominator

Question 10

Discuss the plausibility of values for the calculations you chose in Question 2. What effect does the topic or context have on the plausible values?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the plausibility of values for the...

Question 11

Level of measurement of a variable could also be termed as the "level" of the variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Under what situation is an absolute difference between two values at two time points not a good measure?

Accepted Answer

A)   The second value is significantly smaller than the first.
B)   The values are represented as logarithmic values.
C)   The magnitude of the values is vastly different by context.
D)   The topic is in the domain of the medical sciences.

Question 13

The direction of association between two values can be determined for an interval variable but not for an ordinal variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the difference between a percent change and a percent difference?

Accepted Answer

A)   Percent change is for different locations, percent difference is for the same location.
B)   Percent change is for the same topic, percent difference is for two topics
C)   Percent change is for two time points, percent difference is for the same time point.
D)   Percent change is used in social sciences, percent difference is used in statistics.

Question 15

The units of "rank" are the position numbers in an ordered list, and not the units of the variable values in the list.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In which case could the highest rank number be less than the total number of values in a sorted list?

Accepted Answer

A)   If some values in the list are tied
B)   When there are ordinal values in the list
C)   If some of the values are equal to zero
D)   When one or more values are missing

Question 17

The topic or context has minimal effect on plausible values for which of the following measures?

Accepted Answer

A)   real
B)   count
C)   integer
D)   rating

Question 18

What does a ratio greater than 1 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Value of interest is smaller than the reference value.
B)   The comparison group is smaller than the value of interest.
C)   The comparison value is greater than the mean value.
D)   Value of interest is greater than the reference value.

Question 19

The annual gross revenue of a local pharmacy store in Key West, FL, dropped from $2,132,000 in 2018 to $1,608,050 in 2019. What is the comparison ratio of revenue with respect to 2019?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.326
B)   0.754
C)   -1.326
D)   -0.754

Question 20

Darryl scored 85 in a math test, whereas Peter scored 32 on the same test. What is the percent difference in score for Peter?

Accepted Answer

A)   62.35%
B)   166.62%
C)   37.65%
D)   265.63%

Exam 9: Numbers, Comparisons, and Calculations

How is the term "risk" defined in the context of quantitative research?

Among 2,000 widgets produced by a manufacturing company in 2 hr, seven widgets are found to be defective, on average. What is the defective rate of widgets per 2,000 units produced?

Which of the following measures is used for auto insurance claims made in the year 2020 by policyholders of an insurance company?

Provide an example that distinguishes "incidence" from "prevalence." Explain the two terms with the help of your example.

When reporting a percentage change, the base value should also be stated.

Why is a ratio usually a better calculation than a simple difference?

In your own words, define the term "risk" in the context of research. Illustrate with an example.

Magnitude of risks that differ by context are usually reported as relative risks.

A "percentage of" expresses the numerator as a percent of which value?

Discuss the plausibility of values for the calculations you chose in Question 2. What effect does the topic or context have on the plausible values?

Level of measurement of a variable could also be termed as the "level" of the variable.

Under what situation is an absolute difference between two values at two time points not a good measure?

The direction of association between two values can be determined for an interval variable but not for an ordinal variable.

What is the difference between a percent change and a percent difference?

The units of "rank" are the position numbers in an ordered list, and not the units of the variable values in the list.

In which case could the highest rank number be less than the total number of values in a sorted list?

The topic or context has minimal effect on plausible values for which of the following measures?

What does a ratio greater than 1 indicate?

The annual gross revenue of a local pharmacy store in Key West, FL, dropped from $2,132,000 in 2018 to $1,608,050 in 2019. What is the comparison ratio of revenue with respect to 2019?

Darryl scored 85 in a math test, whereas Peter scored 32 on the same test. What is the percent difference in score for Peter?