Question 1

According to this rule, a defendant is insane when it can be shown that he or she was so delusional at the time of the offense that he or she did not know right from wrong.

Accepted Answer

A)   Brawner
B)   Durham
C)   GBMI
D)   M'Naghten D

Question 2

Which type of reasoning is at the lowest stage of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)   social contract
B)   avoidance of punishment
C)   law and order
D)   individualism B

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding social Darwinism is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Social Darwinism holds that any type of public welfare helps the unfit survive to weaken society.
B)   Social Darwinism involves the application of evolutionary theory to social issues.
C)   Social Darwinists view society as an organism and crime a disease.
D)   Social Darwinists use body type and facial features to determine character. D

Question 4

Three factors intensified from the beginning of the 20th century until after World War II, contributing to a general increase in the crime rate. Which is not one of these factors?

Accepted Answer

A)   industrialization
B)   immigration
C)   urban growth
D)   automobile use

Question 5

Cortisol is a hormone released during stress that activates a _____ response.

Accepted Answer

A)   angry
B)   meditative
C)   happy
D)   fear

Question 6

This case ended the practice of forced sterilization of criminal offenders.

Accepted Answer

A)   Buck v. Bell
B)   Skinner v. Oklahoma
C)   Roper v. Simmons
D)   Tennessee v. Garner

Question 7

Childhood lead exposure has been linked to this.

Accepted Answer

A)   significant increases in brain tissue in areas responsible for impulse control and judgment.
B)   significant decreases in brain tissue in areas responsible for impulse control and judgment.
C)   an increased amygdala response to physical stimuli
D)   a reduced likelihood of adult violence

Question 8

Which of the following is not a behavior characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   frequent lawbreaking
B)   impulsivity
C)   remorse or guilt for wrongdoing
D)   disregard for the safety of oneself or others

Question 9

This concept suggests that some people are throwbacks to an earlier stage of evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)   atavism
B)   behaviorism
C)   somatotyping
D)   genetics

Question 10

What was the eugenics movement? How has that movement affected modern criminological attitudes towards biocriminology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the eugenics movement? How has...

Question 11

Which is true according to biocriminologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   A genetic predisposition to antisocial behavior cannot be changed.
B)   A geneticist can determine how much of an offender's behavior is due to genetics.
C)   There is no "crime gene."
D)   Criminality can be genetically determined.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about drugs and alcohol is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inebriation causes antisocial behavior and crime.
B)   Most people who become drunk break the law.
C)   Drugs and alcohol are closely associated with crime.
D)   Drug abuse in the United States is a bigger problem than alcohol abuse.

Question 13

Discuss the concept of an antisocial personality and the two perspectives that attempt to explain how it may be linked to crime. Outline the main personality traits characteristic of individuals with APD. Why has the diagnosis fallen out of favor among some criminal justice professionals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the concept of an antisocial personality...

Question 14

This is the practice of divining character and mental faculties from the shape of the skull.

Accepted Answer

A)   phrenology
B)   positivism
C)   physiognomy
D)   personality

Question 15

According to behaviorism, through ______ reinforcement we engage in behavior designed to gain something we want.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   neutral
D)   extinction

Question 16

Why do criminologists want to study the issue of nature and nurture? Explain how twin and adoption studies help examine this question. Discuss each type of study, how it is conducted, and the conclusions that may be drawn from each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do criminologists want to study the...

Question 17

What is idea that character can be determined by body shape called?

Accepted Answer

A)   phrenology
B)   somatotypes
C)   eugenics
D)   craniology

Question 18

According to Kohlberg, transition to the post-conventional level ideally occurs during this time.

Accepted Answer

A)   middle childhood
B)   late childhood
C)   early adulthood
D)   middle adulthood

Question 19

Skinner believed punishment to be less effective than this.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   neutral reinforcement
D)   extinction

Question 20

What does "insanity" describe under the law? What is the purpose of the insanity defense and why is it so controversial? List and explain two major standards of insanity, and describe their similarities and differences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does "insanity" describe under the law?...

Exam 5: Biological and Psychological Theories