Question 1

The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radiation 
B)  Adjuvant systemic therapy 
C)  Hormonal therapy 
D)  Chemotherapy

Question 2

Breast cancer is most frequently staged according to the tumor size (T), involvement of regional nodes (N), and distance and spread of the disease (M). Match the stage of breast cancer with the appropriate clinical manifestation.

-Stage I

Accepted Answer

A) Tumor 2 to 5 cm with positive node 
B) Carcinoma in situ 
C) Any distant metastasis 
D) Tumor less than 2 cm with negative nodes 
E) Tumor of any size with extension to chest wall

Question 3

Fibrocystic changes in the breast most often appear in women in their 20s and 30s.Although the cause is unknown,an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone may be the cause.The nurse who cares for this client should be aware that treatment modalities are conservative.Which proven modality may offer relief for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diuretic administration 
B)  Daily inclusion of caffeine in the diet 
C)  Increased vitamin C supplementation 
D)  Application of cold packs to the breast as necessary

Question 4

A health care provider performs a clinical breast examination on a woman diagnosed with fibroadenoma.How would the nurse explain the defining characteristics of a fibroadenoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation of the milk ducts and glands behind the nipples 
B)  Thick, sticky discharge from the nipple of the affected breast 
C)  Lumpiness in both breasts that develops 1 week before menstruation 
D)  Single lump in one breast that can be expected to shrink as the woman ages

Question 5

A nurse is providing breast care education to a client after mammography.Which information regarding fibrocystic changes in the breast is important for the nurse to share?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrocystic breast disease is a disease of the milk ducts and glands in the breasts. 
B)  It is a premalignant disorder characterized by lumps found in the breast tissue. 
C)  Healthy women with fibrocystic breast disease find lumpiness with pain and tenderness in varying degrees in the breast tissue during menstrual cycles. 
D)  Lumpiness is accompanied by tenderness after menses.

Question 6

Having a genetic mutation may create an 85% chance of developing breast cancer in a woman's lifetime.Which condition does not increase a client's risk for breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation 
B)  Li-Fraumeni syndrome 
C)  Paget disease 
D)  Cowden syndrome

Question 7

Macromastia,or breast hyperplasia,is a condition in which women have very large and pendulous breasts.Breast hyperplasia can be corrected with a reduction mammoplasty.Which statement regarding this procedure is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast reduction surgery is covered by insurance. 
B)  Breastfeeding might be difficult. 
C)  No sequelae after the procedure is known. 
D)  Pain in the back and shoulders may not be relieved.

Question 8

A client's oncologist has just finished explaining the diagnostic workup results to her,and she still has questions.The woman states,"The physician says I have a slow-growing cancer.Very few cells are dividing.How does she know this?" What is the name of the test that gave the health care provider this information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor ploidy 
B)  S-phase index 
C)  Nuclear grade 
D)  Estrogen-receptor assay

Question 9

Breast pain occurs in many women during their perimenopausal years.Which information is a priority for the nurse to share with the client?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast pain is an early indication of cancer. 
B)  Pain is almost always an indication of a solid mass. 
C)  Distinguishing between cyclical and noncyclical pain is important. 
D)  Breast pain is most often treated with narcotics.

Exam 10: Problems of the Breast