Question 1

Gestalt psychologists emphasize that

Accepted Answer

A)   a percept is nothing more than the sum of its sensory elements.
B)   objects and faces are processed via different mechanisms.
C)   the perceptual whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
D)   the visual system must assume that objects are viewed from generic viewpoints.
E)   object recognition is view-based. C

Question 2

What is unique about face perception and how is it different than object perception?

Accepted Answer

Faces are different than other objects because all faces have the same parts in the same relationships with one another (e.g., eyes above nose, which is above the mouth). Therefore, fine metric details of faces are important in recognition, and it seems the visual system represents faces holistically in terms of these fine metric details, whereas it does not in the case of objects. Further evidence that the visual system treats faces and objects differently is the double dissociation between face and object recognition regions of the brain. Some patients with brain damage develop object agnosia and cannot recognize objects but can still recognize faces. Other patients develop prosopagnosia and thus cannot recognize faces but can recognize other objects. Finally, inverted faces are much harder for us to recognize than inverted objects, suggesting that faces are processed differently than objects.

Question 3

The principle of relatability helps us to understand

Accepted Answer

A)   when edges do or do not appear to connect behind occluders.
B)   the power of nonaccidental features in image interpretation.
C)   how conflicts between different Gestalt grouping principles are resolved.
D)   which interpretation is given to an ambiguous figure.
E)   which regions are segmented in textures. A

Question 4

The fact that faces are more difficult than many other types of objects to recognize when viewed upside-down is taken by many researchers to indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   faces are recognized via structural descriptions.
B)   it is more difficult to segment faces from their backgrounds than other types of objects.
C)   face recognition cannot be doubly dissociated from object recognition.
D)   face recognition can be doubly dissociated from object recognition.
E)   the visual system uses special recognition processes for faces that are not used for other types of objects.

Question 5

The visual system tends to divide an object into parts by "cutting" it at _______ in its silhouette.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonaccidental features
B)   both convexities and concavities
C)   convexities (bumps) 
D)   concavities (valleys) 
E)   the longest axis

Question 6

What are the "what" and "where" pathways?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the "what" and "where" pathways?...

Question 7

If an animal has a pattern on its body that provides camouflage and allows it to blend seamlessly into the background, it is trying to prevent _______ by predators that would reveal its location.

Accepted Answer

A)   good continuation
B)   scene perception
C)   an accidental viewpoint
D)   Gestalt grouping
E)   texture segmentation

Question 8

Which Gestalt grouping cue explains why a flock of birds flying in formation are perceived to be grouped?

Accepted Answer

A)   Synchrony
B)   Parallelism
C)   Good continuation
D)   Common fate
E)   Similarity

Question 9

Prosopagnosia is a neuropsychological disorder in which the patient

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot recognize objects at the basic level.
B)   cannot recognize objects at the superordinate level.
C)   can identify faces, but cannot recognize other types of objects.
D)   cannot identify faces, but can recognize other types of objects.
E)   can recognize objects but cannot name them.

Question 10

Which of the following is a loosely defined stage of visual processing that comes after basic features have been extracted from the image, and before object recognition and scene understanding?

Accepted Answer

A)   Low-level vision
B)   Early vision
C)   High-level vision
D)   Sensation
E)   Mid-level vision

Question 11

The term "grandmother cell" refers to a neuron that

Accepted Answer

A)   responds best to one specific object.
B)   divides several times to form a number of new neurons.
C)   is connected to a large number of other neurons.
D)   is isolated from other neurons.
E)   was genetically inherited from the matriarchal lineage.

Question 12

Refer to the figure.
 Which Gestalt figure-ground assignment principle is most responsible for perceiving the yellow portions in the image as "ground"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Symmetry
B)   Size
C)   Parallelism
D)   Surroundedness
E)   Proximity

Question 13

If we use fMRI to measure your brain activity with your eyes open and then again with your eyes closed, and then identify the areas that differ between those two conditions, which brain imaging method are we using?

Accepted Answer

A)   Decoding
B)   Structuralism
C)   Subtraction
D)   Single-cell recording
E)   Lesioning

Question 14

Explain the Gestalt grouping principles of good continuation, similarity, proximity, and surroundedness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the Gestalt grouping principles of good...

Question 15

A study of cells in IT cortex showed that they responded to very specific stimuli, such as

Accepted Answer

A)   faces.
B)   animals.
C)   colors.
D)   motion.
E)   celebrities.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a cortical area that has been identified as processing very specific forms of visual stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fusiform face area (FF
A)  
B)   Extrastriate motion pericomplex (EMP) 
C)   Parahippocampal place area (PP
A)  
D)   Extrastriate body area (EB
A)  
E)   Middle temporal area (MT)

Question 17

Describe the concept of perceptual committees.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the concept of perceptual committees....

Question 18

Refer to the figure.
 This figure depicts

Accepted Answer

A)   isoluminant contours.
B)   an accidental viewpoint.
C)   shadow boundaries.
D)   an ambiguous figure.
E)   illusory contours.

Question 19

A _______ process is one that carries out a computation (e.g., object recognition) one neural step after another, without the need for feedback from a later stage to an earlier stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   re-entrant
B)   feedback
C)   synchronous
D)   feed-forward
E)   asynchronous

Question 20

Which of the following is an entry-level object category term?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bird
B)   Sparrow
C)   Animal
D)   Transportation
E)   Honda Civic

Exam 4: Perceiving and Recognizing Objects