Question 1

In an inference to the best explanation or "IBE," generally the more comprehensively one has examined and compared the plausible hypotheses available, the stronger the argument.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The Lyceum was located in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Macedonia 
B)  Sparta 
C)  Atlantis 
D)  Athens 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

Is the argument deductive (D) or inductive (I)?
-The car stopped in the middle of the freeway. The gas gauge is on empty. The best explanation is that the car is out of gas. Therefore, the car is probably out of gas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is the argument deductive (D) or inductive...

Question 4

Think with Socrates does not contain a section on enthymemes. However, the concept can be defined briefly. This exercise defines an enthymeme and gives students a chance to practice filling in holes in incomplete deductive arguments. 
An enthymeme is an argument that is missing one or more premises or a conclusion. Each of the following deductive arguments is missing either a premise or a conclusion. (Thus, each is an enthymeme.) Add a statement to each so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid argument.
-If it rains, then the roof gets wet. Therefore, it is not raining.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think with Socrates does not contain a...

Question 5

Who was Aristotle? What did he do that makes him historically significant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who was Aristotle? What did he do...

Question 6

On deductive arguments.
-The conclusion of every sound deductive argument is true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The following is one of the two ways to effectively criticize an argument:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hit the arguer over the head with a broom 
B)  Make fun of the arguer's appearance 
C)  State an argument against one of the argument's premises 
D)  Present an argument against the conclusion of the target argument

Question 8

If an argument has a conclusion that is probably false, then the argument is weak.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Logic is defined in the text as the study of the standards of correct or good reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

No inductive argument aims to prove its conclusion with certainty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The only combination that you will never find in a strong argument is:

Accepted Answer

A)  True premises and a false conclusion. 
B)  True premises and a true conclusion. 
C)  False premises and a false conclusion. 
D)  False premises and a true conclusion. 
E)  None of the above, for any combination is possible.

Question 12

If an argument has a conclusion that is probably false, then the argument cannot be cogent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Think with Socrates does not contain a section on enthymemes. However, the concept can be defined briefly. This exercise defines an enthymeme and gives students a chance to practice filling in holes in incomplete deductive arguments. 
An enthymeme is an argument that is missing one or more premises or a conclusion. Each of the following deductive arguments is missing either a premise or a conclusion. (Thus, each is an enthymeme.) Add a statement to each so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid argument.
-Either we skip lunch, or we skip dinner. We'll skip dinner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think with Socrates does not contain a...

Question 14

Think with Socrates does not contain a section on enthymemes. However, the concept can be defined briefly. This exercise defines an enthymeme and gives students a chance to practice filling in holes in incomplete deductive arguments. 
An enthymeme is an argument that is missing one or more premises or a conclusion. Each of the following deductive arguments is missing either a premise or a conclusion. (Thus, each is an enthymeme.) Add a statement to each so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid argument.
-Either a bad boy moved into town, or Junior must behave himself. So Junior must behave himself.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think with Socrates does not contain a...

Question 15

More enthymemes. In each case, fill in the missing element (i.e., add a premise or conclusion) so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid deductive argument.
-We will either eat hotdogs or hamburgers. So we will eat hamburgers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More enthymemes. In each case, fill in...

Question 16

More enthymemes. In each case, fill in the missing element (i.e., add a premise or conclusion) so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid deductive argument.
-Either we will eat tacos, or we will eat burritos. We won't eat burritos. So ...

Accepted Answer

The answer of More enthymemes. In each case, fill in...

Question 17

The combination you will not find in an invalid argument is:

Accepted Answer

A)  True premises and a false conclusion 
B)  True premises and a true conclusion 
C)  False premises and a false conclusion 
D)  False premises and a true conclusion 
E)  None of the above, for any combination is possible in an invalid argument

Question 18

Think with Socrates does not contain a section on enthymemes. However, the concept can be defined briefly. This exercise defines an enthymeme and gives students a chance to practice filling in holes in incomplete deductive arguments. 
An enthymeme is an argument that is missing one or more premises or a conclusion. Each of the following deductive arguments is missing either a premise or a conclusion. (Thus, each is an enthymeme.) Add a statement to each so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid argument.
-No werewolves are pets ... So some pets are not very friendly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think with Socrates does not contain a...

Question 19

The following is an invalid argument: Jim is between fifty and sixty years old. Jan is older than Jim. So Jan is older than sixty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Is the argument deductive (D) or inductive (I)?
-We tested the proposed hypothesis ten times, and it failed every test. Therefore, we conclude that the hypothesis is probably false.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is the argument deductive (D) or inductive...

Exam 10: Deduction and Induction: A Closer Look

In an inference to the best explanation or "IBE," generally the more comprehensively one has examined and compared the plausible hypotheses available, the stronger the argument.

The Lyceum was located in:

Is the argument deductive (D) or inductive (I)? -The car stopped in the middle of the freeway. The gas gauge is on empty. The best explanation is that the car is out of gas. Therefore, the car is probably out of gas.

Who was Aristotle? What did he do that makes him historically significant?

On deductive arguments. -The conclusion of every sound deductive argument is true.

The following is one of the two ways to effectively criticize an argument:

If an argument has a conclusion that is probably false, then the argument is weak.

Logic is defined in the text as the study of the standards of correct or good reasoning.

No inductive argument aims to prove its conclusion with certainty.

The only combination that you will never find in a strong argument is:

If an argument has a conclusion that is probably false, then the argument cannot be cogent.

More enthymemes. In each case, fill in the missing element (i.e., add a premise or conclusion) so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid deductive argument. -We will either eat hotdogs or hamburgers. So we will eat hamburgers.

More enthymemes. In each case, fill in the missing element (i.e., add a premise or conclusion) so as to turn the enthymeme into a valid deductive argument. -Either we will eat tacos, or we will eat burritos. We won't eat burritos. So ...

The combination you will not find in an invalid argument is:

The following is an invalid argument: Jim is between fifty and sixty years old. Jan is older than Jim. So Jan is older than sixty.

Is the argument deductive (D) or inductive (I)? -We tested the proposed hypothesis ten times, and it failed every test. Therefore, we conclude that the hypothesis is probably false.