Question 1

A measure of dispersion that is the square of the standard deviation is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) Squared deviation 
B) Variance 
C) Average deviation 
D) Modal deviation 
E) Mean deviation

Question 2

A study, which is run like an experiment but in a natural setting, is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) Field experiment 
B) Natural experiment 
C) Ecologically sound experiment 
D) Lab experiment 
E) Random experiment

Question 3

The difference between the highest and lowest score is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) Mode 
B) Range 
C) Median 
D) Middle score 
E) Mean

Question 4

Counterbalancing is used with which type of experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A) Matched participants 
B) Independent 
C) Repeated measures 
D) Correlational 
E) Factorial

Question 5

The main problem with the repeated measures design is:

Accepted Answer

A) Significant effects 
B) Repeat effects 
C) Factorial effects 
D) Matched effects 
E) Order effects

Question 6

Which method is difficult to replicate?

Accepted Answer

A) Correlational studies 
B) Laboratory experiment using independent groups design 
C) Laboratory experiment using matched participants design 
D) Naturalistic observation 
E) Personality tests

Question 7

A hypothesis of no differences is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) Null hypothesis 
B) Void hypothesis 
C) Dual hypothesis 
D) Squared hypothesis 
E) Bi-directional hypothesis

Question 8

Discourse analysis is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) Demand characteristics 
B) Quantitative analysis 
C) Statistical deviance 
D) Qualitative analysis 
E) None of these

Question 9

If you predicted the direction of any effects (e.g., loud noise will disrupt learning and memory), this is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) Null hypothesis 
B) Non-directional hypothesis 
C) Directional hypothesis 
D) Variance 
E) Ordinal hypothesis

Question 10

A graph showing frequencies of scores using rectangles of different heights is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A) Histogram 
B) Frequency polygraph 
C) Frequency polygon 
D) Box-plot 
E) Normal distribution

Question 11

A bell-shaped curve in which most scores cluster fairly close to the mean is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) Normal distribution 
B) Measure of central tendency 
C) Skewed distribution 
D) Histogram 
E) Measured distribution

Question 12

Recording the number of times participants yawn in a lecture is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) Event sampling 
B) Time sampling 
C) Point sampling 
D) Random sampling 
E) None of these

Question 13

When a hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, it is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A) One-tailed 
B) Two-tailed 
C) Three-tailed 
D) Uni-directional 
E) Bi-directional

Question 14

What is a limitation of the correlational method?

Accepted Answer

A) Cause and effect are difficult to establish 
B) All of these 
C) Variables other than those of interest may be operating 
D) Direction of causality is uncertain 
E) Interpretation of results is difficult

Question 15

The ways in which experimenters might influence results are known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Demand characteristics 
B) Biases 
C) Expectancy factors 
D) Influential factors 
E) Investigator or experimenter effects

Question 16

One ethical issue that arises in naturalistic observation is that:

Accepted Answer

A) The sample may be biased 
B) Confidentiality of results cannot be achieved 
C) Participants cannot be debriefed 
D) The context may be obscure 
E) Participants may not be aware that they are being observed and therefore cannot give consent

Question 17

An experimental design that uses the same participants in both groups is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) Correlational design 
B) Independent design 
C) Matched pairs design 
D) Repeated measures design 
E) Factorial design

Question 18

The validity of an experiment in terms of the context in which it is carried out is called:

Accepted Answer

A) Experimental realism 
B) Quasi-validity 
C) External validity 
D) Mundane realism 
E) Internal validity

Question 19

The middle score in a set of numbers (e.g., 3,5,6,4,3) is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) Median 
B) Mode 
C) Middle score 
D) Mean 
E) Square

Exam 3: Biological Bases of Behaviour