Question 1

Urban II incentivized participation by Christians in the Crusade by promising

Accepted Answer

A)   a salary nearly twice what was typical at the time
B)   full absolution of sins for Crusaders
C)   Crusaders a plot of land in the conquered area
D)   promotion to the knightly class for all Crusaders B

Question 2

Under Pope Gregory VII, a merger occurred between the movements for

Accepted Answer

A)   clerical reform and for centralization of authority within the church
B)   priestly celibacy and for clerical reform
C)   centralization of authority within the church and for the Latin mass
D)   the Great Schism between the Latin and Orthodox churches and for an end to secular control of church appointments A

Question 3

The Liao dynasty, a hybrid state that incorporated elements of Chinese bureaucratic governance while retaining the militarized tribal social structure and nomadic lifestyle of the steppe, was established by the

Accepted Answer

A)   Jurchens
B)   Mongols
C)   Jin
D)   Khitans D

Question 4

The last great campaign conducted jointly by the Mongol princes was the conquest of

Accepted Answer

A)   China
B)   Baghdad
C)   Cairo
D)   Palestine

Question 5

Chinggis Khan's goal in conquering territory was

Accepted Answer

A)   to spread Mongol culture
B)   to ensure the safety of his people from the crusading Christians
C)   plundering the goods and resources of the defeated peoples
D)   to govern fairly and maintain a just society

Question 6

Many in the Ilkhanate, especially the Mongol and Turkish horsemen, converted to

Accepted Answer

A)   Buddhism
B)   Christianity
C)   Islam
D)   Zoroastrianism

Question 7

The goal of the Wendish Crusade was to

Accepted Answer

A)   eliminate the Greek Orthodox church
B)   wipe out or convert the non-Christian populations of northern and eastern Europe
C)   remove Muslim influence from Spain
D)   retake Jerusalem

Question 8

The Mamluk regime gained enormous stature among Muslims when it

Accepted Answer

A)   aided Muslim Spain in resisting Christian incursions
B)   fought off the invading Ottoman Empire
C)   attacked the Crusaders in Constantinople
D)   repelled the Mongol incursions into Syria in 1260

Question 9

The Great Schism was the

Accepted Answer

A)   disagreement between Pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman emperor Henry IV over the emperor's authority to appoint bishops
B)   formal break between the Latin and Orthodox churches
C)   series of military campaigns instigated by the Roman papacy with the goal of returning Jerusalem and other holy places in Palestine to Christian rule
D)   split between the movements for clerical reform and centralization of authority within the church under Pope Gregory

Question 10

Historians give much of the credit for the Mongols' swift military triumphs and political cohesion to the charismatic authority of the empire-builder

Accepted Answer

A)   Chinggis Khan
B)   Qubilai Khan
C)   Genghis Khan
D)   Ogodei Khan

Question 11

Under Ghazan, with the help of his minister Rashid al-Din, the ideological basis of the Ilkhanate shifted, with new emphasis placed on

Accepted Answer

A)   descent from Chinggis Khan
B)   the divine right of the ruler
C)   the role of royal protector of the Islamic faith
D)   pure military prowess

Question 12

The Christian Reconquista effort in Spain

Accepted Answer

A)   was a total failure
B)   reduced the Muslim territory in Iberia to a single state by 1275
C)   was quickly reversed through the efforts of the Almohad dynasty
D)   was set aside in favor of the Crusades in the east

Question 13

The splitting of Chinggis's Mongol empire into four independent khanates was triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)   Chinggis's death
B)   Great Khan Mongke's decision to reassign the richest lands to his brothers
C)   Ogodei's death
D)   the rise of Qubilai Khan

Question 14

After nearly a century of Christian control, Jerusalem was recaptured by Muslims under the leadership of

Accepted Answer

A)   the Seljuks
B)   Mu'in ad-Din Unur
C)   Saladin
D)   the Mamluks

Question 15

By 1350, Latin Christianity was firmly implanted in all parts of Europe except

Accepted Answer

A)   the Iberian peninsula
B)   Scandinavia
C)   the British Isles
D)   the Orthodox Balkan peninsula

Question 16

The Third Crusade ended with

Accepted Answer

A)   a truce under which the Christian armies agreed to withdraw and the Muslim armies pledged to allow Christian pilgrims access to holy sites
B)   Christian control of Jerusalem
C)   Saladin's death
D)   the capture of Constantinople

Question 17

The ________ were victims of their own success, with no reason for being after completing their mission of implanting Christianity through conquest, colonization, and conversion of pagans in the Baltic region.

Accepted Answer

A)   Teutonic Knights
B)   Hospitallers
C)   Knights of the Temple
D)   Cistercians

Question 18

Pope Innocent III established a judicial body to investigate and punish anyone who challenged the pope's supreme authority, called the

Accepted Answer

A)   Cistercian order
B)   Investiture
C)   Inquisition
D)   Internal Crusade

Question 19

The renewed dedication to poverty, chastity, and evangelism among the Latin clergy was epitomized by the

Accepted Answer

A)   Cistercians
B)   Byzantines
C)   Crusaders
D)   Mamluks

Question 20

The culture of chivalry was created by

Accepted Answer

A)   the creation of new Christian orders, including the Franciscans and Dominicans
B)   the need, in light of the Inquisition, for people to define themselves in opposition to non-Christians
C)   new efforts at colonization from Spain to the Baltic Sea
D)   the assimilation of the warrior class into the monastic culture of the Christian church

Exam 13: Crusaders, Mongols, and Eurasian Integration 1050-1350