Question 1

The theories in this chapter reflect one understanding of the term theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The earliest explanation of criminality could be called demonic, or spiritualistic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

With regard to the relationship between social class and involvement with crime:

Accepted Answer

A)  lower class individuals have been found to be overrepresented for all types of offenses 
B)  middle class individuals have been found to have lower self control than lower class individuals 
C)  some criminologists have claimed that criminality is more pronounced among the powerful and privileged than among the powerless and underprivileged. 
D)  middle and upper class individuals have been found to be overrepresented for all types of offenses

Question 4

The Marxist account is not very helpful in explaining why some individuals
within capitalist societies engage in white collar crime while others do not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What are the principal objectives of any theory of white collar crime? Identify and discuss some of the main underlying assumptions for any such theory.What are some of the different factors related to white collar crime such theories should address in order to be considered valid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the principal objectives of any...

Question 6

Postmodernist criminology embraces the idea that the meaning of white collar
crime is something which is very settled and fixed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Studies have consistently found that larger corporate size and increased external
profit pressure leads to illegality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

With regards to corporate or organizational crime, the text stresses that:

Accepted Answer

A)  in a strictly literal sense organizations can act 
B)  individual identity can never be subordinated to the demands of the organization 
C)  the total organization is typically involved in organizational crime. 
D)  the organization and its resources make many crimes possible

Question 9

The large-scale financial crimes of the 1980s have been linked with the "structural
embeddedness" of financial organizations and corporations in networks largely
beyond traditional forms of social control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The seminal theorist of capitalism, Adam Smith, believed strong laws were
needed to combat the crimes of wealthy corporations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The demonic explanation for criminality:

Accepted Answer

A)  readily lends itself to empirical verification 
B)  has had no influence historically 
C)  is closely associated with "in-the-world" influences 
D)  is not typically invoked today, but is hardly extinct

Question 12

Despite the array of activities encompassed by the term white collar crime, the
author of the text holds that a single, general theory or explanation can be formulated for
white collar crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A general theory of crime:

Accepted Answer

A)  attempts to identify the different factors which explain different forms of crime 
B)  attempts to explain different forms of crime with the same general explanation 
C)  attempts to develop clear explanations for variations of crime rates over time 
D)  attempts to explain crime by the same types of factors which explain natural phenomena

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the influence of biogenetic factors on white collar crime is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  White collar offenders tend to have a different biogenetic make-up than non-offenders from the same social class 
B)  White collar offenders typically do not "look like criminals" and so may be less likely to have criminality imputed to them 
C)  Lombroso's notion of "born criminals" can be correlated with white collar criminals 
D)  Biogenetic conditions such a schizophrenia, clinical depression and alcoholism have been shown to be major factors in white collar criminality

Question 15

The demonic explanation for criminality is associated with all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exorcism 
B)  Trial by ordeal 
C)  Therapeutic rehabilitation 
D)  Corporal punishment

Question 16

Black posits in the control fraud theory that when control over an organization is
realized, that organization becomes a "weapon" for perpetrating fraud and theft,
thus never becoming a victim of such crime itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The notion that illusions (including the ultimate illusion of money) have replaced a more substantial dimension of reality is associated with which of the following strains of critical criminology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left realist 
B)  Peacemaking 
C)  Feminist 
D)  Postmodernist

Question 18

Biographical accounts of several notorious white collar offenders associate all but which of the following personality and character traits with their criminal conduct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obsessions with power and control 
B)  A sense of superiority 
C)  Reclusiveness 
D)  Narcissism

Question 19

There is clear evidence that white collar offenders have lower IQs than their white
collar peers who do not commit offenses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What type of theory focuses on how a fraud spreads among investors via social networks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Network 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Differential 
D)  Interactionist

Exam 8: Explaining White Collar Crime: Theories and Accounts

The theories in this chapter reflect one understanding of the term theory.

The earliest explanation of criminality could be called demonic, or spiritualistic.

With regard to the relationship between social class and involvement with crime:

The Marxist account is not very helpful in explaining why some individuals within capitalist societies engage in white collar crime while others do not.

What are the principal objectives of any theory of white collar crime? Identify and discuss some of the main underlying assumptions for any such theory.What are some of the different factors related to white collar crime such theories should address in order to be considered valid?

Postmodernist criminology embraces the idea that the meaning of white collar crime is something which is very settled and fixed.

Studies have consistently found that larger corporate size and increased external profit pressure leads to illegality.

With regards to corporate or organizational crime, the text stresses that:

The large-scale financial crimes of the 1980s have been linked with the "structural embeddedness" of financial organizations and corporations in networks largely beyond traditional forms of social control.

The seminal theorist of capitalism, Adam Smith, believed strong laws were needed to combat the crimes of wealthy corporations.

The demonic explanation for criminality:

Despite the array of activities encompassed by the term white collar crime, the author of the text holds that a single, general theory or explanation can be formulated for white collar crime.

A general theory of crime:

Which of the following statements about the influence of biogenetic factors on white collar crime is true?

The demonic explanation for criminality is associated with all but which of the following?

Black posits in the control fraud theory that when control over an organization is realized, that organization becomes a "weapon" for perpetrating fraud and theft, thus never becoming a victim of such crime itself.

The notion that illusions (including the ultimate illusion of money) have replaced a more substantial dimension of reality is associated with which of the following strains of critical criminology?

Biographical accounts of several notorious white collar offenders associate all but which of the following personality and character traits with their criminal conduct?

There is clear evidence that white collar offenders have lower IQs than their white collar peers who do not commit offenses.

What type of theory focuses on how a fraud spreads among investors via social networks?