Question 1

Edward is 80 years old and the people in his community consider him to be very wise and often seek his advice when faced with a wide range of problems. Edward is regarded as having which type of wisdom?

Accepted Answer

A)  general wisdom 
B)  personal wisdom 
C)  reflective wisdom 
D)  cognitive wisdom

Question 2

Which aspect of cognition does bilingualism seem to benefit MOST?

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic memory 
B)  short-term memory 
C)  executive control 
D)  cognitive reserve

Question 3

Which of the following terms BEST characterizes the loss of neurons as a result of normal aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  non-existent 
B)  minimal 
C)  moderate 
D)  extreme

Question 4

Dr. Rashid is conducting a longitudinal study examining changes in different types of memory as people age. Dr. Rashid is MOST likely to observe changes in which types of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory and working memory 
B)  working memory and episodic memory 
C)  episodic memory and semantic memory 
D)  semantic memory and sensory memory

Question 5

Discuss the results of research examining the effect of age on language use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the results of research examining the...

Question 6

Discuss how three aspects of attention change with age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how three aspects of attention change...

Question 7

Dr. Kumar is writing a paper on the transmission deficit hypothesis. Which of the following will be discussed in the paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  sustained attention 
B)  word-finding problems 
C)  left-branching clauses 
D)  accommodation

Question 8

Describe changes in working memory with age and explain three different theoretical accounts of these changes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe changes in working memory with age...

Question 9

Suppose a 20-year-old and a 70-year-old are both performing the same cognitive task. On which side of the prefrontal cortex would the 20-year-old and the 70-year-old show activity, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  the left; the left and right 
B)  the left and right; the right 
C)  the right; the left and right 
D)  the left and right; the left

Question 10

The loss of grey-matter volume begins during which part of the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescence 
B)  early adulthood 
C)  middle adulthood 
D)  late adulthood

Question 11

Which theory involves the notion that aging leads to a weakened ability to stop irrelevant information from entering working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of processing resources theory 
B)  speed of processing theory 
C)  levels of processing theory 
D)  inhibition theory

Question 12

Describe how three lifestyle choices can promote healthy physical and psychological aging.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how three lifestyle choices can promote...

Question 13

Reine-Louise has gained the ability to acknowledge, regulate, and dissolve negative emotions. This ability demonstrates Ardelt's notion of which dimension of personal wisdom?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  affective 
C)  reflective 
D)  subjective

Question 14

Which of the following brain regions shows little change in volume as people age?

Accepted Answer

A)  the occipital lobe 
B)  the parietal lobe 
C)  the prefrontal cortex 
D)  the hippocampus

Question 15

Elderspeak is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  over-accommodation 
B)  under-accommodation 
C)  circumlocution 
D)  a right-branching clause

Question 16

Jerry has a university education, is a physics professor, and reads every day. Mike did not finish high school, is unemployed, and does not read. Both Jerry and Mike have brain damage due to stroke in the same area of the brain, however Jerry functions at a much higher level than Mike. This difference BEST reflects which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  terminal drop 
B)  over-accommodation 
C)  fluid intelligence 
D)  cognitive reserve

Question 17

How is syntactic complexity affected by normal aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  it increases as people make more left-branching clauses as they age 
B)  it decreases as people adopt elderspeak as they age 
C)  it increases for mundane topics but decreases for complex topics as people get older 
D)  it is stable across the lifespan

Question 18

Discuss incorrect and correct approaches to communicating with older people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss incorrect and correct approaches to communicating...

Question 19

Ginny is an excellent problem solver and does well on problems involving abstract reasoning. What does Ginny demonstrate according to Horn and Cattell?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid intelligence 
B)  crystallized intelligence 
C)  logical-mathematical intelligence 
D)  the global component of general intelligence (g)

Question 20

Shawna invited her 87-year-old mother Alice out to coffee with her and her daughter Kate. The coffee shop was loud and Shawna and Kate were looking at their phones while they were speaking. Which of the following explains why Alice had a difficult time joining their conversation?

Accepted Answer

A)  over-accommodation 
B)  under-accommodation 
C)  circumlocution 
D)  right-branching clauses

Exam 4: Cognitive Changes, Post-Formal Thought, and Wisdom