Question 1

Bronfenbrenner's ________ theory holds that development is influenced by experiences arising from broader biological,social,and cultural systems as well as a child's immediate surroundings.

Accepted Answer

A)  macrosystem 
B)  ethological 
C)  ecological 
D)  microsystem

Question 2

Piaget's emphasis on the interaction among maturation,equilibration,and the child's tendency to act on the environment would suggest that both ________ and ________ are important to development.

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation;accommodation 
B)  nature;nurture 
C)  continuity;discontinuity 
D)  sociality;individuality

Question 3

If a psychologist believes that the unique customs,values,and beliefs of a larger social community are responsible for the development of a particular trait,to which key theme in development does that psychologist subscribe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuity versus discontinuity 
B)  Sociocultural influence 
C)  Child's active role 
D)  Nature versus nurture

Question 4

Shortly after Jenny learned how to play hide-and-seek,she misplaced her favorite teddy bear and ran around the house saying,"Come out,come out wherever you are." This suggests that Jenny has a scheme for hiding that includes hiding games.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In Erikson's theory,________ is a concept that is especially important during adolescence but must be achieved at every stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  libido 
B)  identity 
C)  society 
D)  separation

Question 6

________ is a form of learning that is difficult to reverse because it occurs during a sensitive period in development in which an organism tends to stay near a particular stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bonding 
B)  Imprinting 
C)  Attachment 
D)  Shadowing

Question 7

The interaction among domains theme in development does not closely fit with Piaget's theory,despite the implications his theory has for other domains.This is due to Piaget's lack of

Accepted Answer

A)  attention to cognition. 
B)  criticisms of opposing theories. 
C)  attention to how social and emotional domains influence cognitive development. 
D)  focus on the stages of development through which children progress.

Question 8

According to Freud,the psychological tension induced by a set of biological instincts is called libido.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to Vygotsky's sociohistorical theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of development can best proceed by examining the role of unconscious conflicts in behavior. 
B)  the study of development can best proceed by examining the adaptive value of behavior. 
C)  language is an especially important cultural tool for a child's cognitive development. 
D)  development involves a reciprocal relationship between assimilation and accommodation.

Question 10

Erikson theorized that ________ is the primary mode for acting adaptively toward the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  organization 
D)  incorporation

Question 11

Even though medieval children were incorporated quickly into the adult world,they were

Accepted Answer

A)  often sold into apprenticeships as teenagers. 
B)  not allowed to work until they were teenagers. 
C)  recognized both as different from adults and as possessing special needs. 
D)  considered to be the same as adults but with less physical strength and stature.

Question 12

Behavior modification relies on principles of operant conditioning to effect changes in a person's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Learning theorists focus on an attempt to describe the rules and procedures the child follows in completing a task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Dr.Pederson is interested in studying how the four ecological systems are influenced by historical changes over time,such as natural disasters and wars.Therefore,Dr.Pederson is most interested in studying the chronosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Provide a general description of three of Alfred Binet's major contributions to developmental psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide a general description of three of...

Question 16

How might an ethologist explain a child's behavior such as sharing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might an ethologist explain a child's...

Question 17

Define "identity" according to Erikson and explain the role identity plays in his psychosocial theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define "identity" according to Erikson and explain...

Question 18

Wise is an ecological systems theorist.She is most likely to study her subjects in a well-controlled laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A psychologist who attributes the development of a particular trait to nature is presuming that the trait is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  sociocultural influences. 
B)  genetic endowment. 
C)  an imitated set of behaviors. 
D)  a learned response to environmental stimuli.

Question 20

The theory proposed by ________ that an individual's personality originates in early forms of childhood sexuality and that gratification of this sexuality changes throughout various stages of development is called the ________ theory of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Erikson;psychosocial 
B)  Erikson;psychosexual 
C)  Freud;psychosocial 
D)  Freud;psychosexual

Exam 1: Themes and Theories

Bronfenbrenner's ________ theory holds that development is influenced by experiences arising from broader biological,social,and cultural systems as well as a child's immediate surroundings.

Piaget's emphasis on the interaction among maturation,equilibration,and the child's tendency to act on the environment would suggest that both and are important to development.

If a psychologist believes that the unique customs,values,and beliefs of a larger social community are responsible for the development of a particular trait,to which key theme in development does that psychologist subscribe?

Shortly after Jenny learned how to play hide-and-seek,she misplaced her favorite teddy bear and ran around the house saying,"Come out,come out wherever you are." This suggests that Jenny has a scheme for hiding that includes hiding games.

In Erikson's theory,________ is a concept that is especially important during adolescence but must be achieved at every stage of development.

________ is a form of learning that is difficult to reverse because it occurs during a sensitive period in development in which an organism tends to stay near a particular stimulus.

The interaction among domains theme in development does not closely fit with Piaget's theory,despite the implications his theory has for other domains.This is due to Piaget's lack of

According to Freud,the psychological tension induced by a set of biological instincts is called libido.

According to Vygotsky's sociohistorical theory,

Erikson theorized that ________ is the primary mode for acting adaptively toward the world.

Even though medieval children were incorporated quickly into the adult world,they were

Behavior modification relies on principles of operant conditioning to effect changes in a person's behavior.

Learning theorists focus on an attempt to describe the rules and procedures the child follows in completing a task.

Dr.Pederson is interested in studying how the four ecological systems are influenced by historical changes over time,such as natural disasters and wars.Therefore,Dr.Pederson is most interested in studying the chronosystem.

Provide a general description of three of Alfred Binet's major contributions to developmental psychology.

How might an ethologist explain a child's behavior such as sharing?

Define "identity" according to Erikson and explain the role identity plays in his psychosocial theory.

Wise is an ecological systems theorist.She is most likely to study her subjects in a well-controlled laboratory.

A psychologist who attributes the development of a particular trait to nature is presuming that the trait is a result of

The theory proposed by that an individual's personality originates in early forms of childhood sexuality and that gratification of this sexuality changes throughout various stages of development is called the theory of development.