Question 1

Just and Carpenter (1992) found evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)  individual differences in working memory capacity affect language processing abilities 
B)  working memory size is the same for all individuals and cannot account for differences in language abilities 
C)  working memory size varies across individuals but does not affect language comprehension 
D)  individuals with smaller working memories are paradoxically able to process language more efficiently

Question 2

For a speech act to have effect, _________ must be present.

Accepted Answer

A)  tenor and ground 
B)  illocutionary force 
C)  felicity conditions 
D)  relation and manner

Question 3

Although we generally forget the exact form of a sentence shortly after we have heard or seen it, we tend to retain the exact wording when:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is repeated more than once 
B)  it is pragmatically significant 
C)  it is presented in an excessively polite way 
D)  we know we will be tested on it

Question 4

In the metaphor Billboards are warts on the landscape, the tenor is:

Accepted Answer

A)  billboards 
B)  warts 
C)  landscape 
D)  ugly protrusions on some surface

Question 5

Frazier and Rayner (1982) found evidence for the _______ strategy, showing that we prefer attaching new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest syntactic nodes possible.

Accepted Answer

A)  lexical preference 
B)  minimal attachment 
C)  immediacy 
D)  late closure

Question 6

Ortony (1975) suggested that we use ________ to communicate experiential information that is otherwise difficult to express

Accepted Answer

A)  convention 
B)  metaphor 
C)  felicity 
D)  relation

Question 7

__________ is the process of relating incoming information to information already stored in permanent memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Instantiation 
B)  Inferencing 
C)  Elaboration 
D)  Retention

Question 8

Which of the following results did Sachs (1967) obtain regarding the retention of sentence meaning and form?

Accepted Answer

A)  over time form deteriorated; meaning remained stable 
B)  over time both form and meaning deteriorated 
C)  over time both form and meaning remained stable 
D)  over time meaning deteriorated; form remained stable

Question 9

A speech act serves

Accepted Answer

A)  to communicate information 
B)  to serve as an action 
C)  to determine the literal meaning of a sentence 
D)  to guide conversation

Question 10

Which of the following is a conceptual metaphor?

Accepted Answer

A)  LOVE IS A JOURNEY 
B)  OUR LOVE IS A BUMPY ROLLERCOASTER RIDE 
C)  OUR LOVE IS FULL OF UPS AND DOWNS 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

The convention of _____ states that we should make our contribution as informative as is required, but not more informative than is required.

Accepted Answer

A)  quality 
B)  quantity 
C)  relation 
D)  manner

Exam 6: Sentence Comprehension and Memory