Question 1

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild suggests that we acquire a set of __________ that shapes the appropriate emotions for a given role or specific situation,including how,where,when,and with whom an emotion should be expressed.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional labors 
B)  dramaturgical guidelines 
C)  feeling rules 
D)  socioemotional norms

Question 2

When __________ occurs,we may feel pulled in different directions.We may prioritize our roles and first complete the one we consider to be most important,or we may compartmentalize our lives and "insulate" our various roles.

Accepted Answer

A)  role ambiguity 
B)  status frustration 
C)  role performance 
D)  role conflict

Question 3

__________ theorists emphasize that social structure is essential because it creates order and predictability in a society.Social structure is also important for our human development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Functionalist 
B)  Conflict 
C)  Symbolic interactionist 
D)  Premodern

Question 4

At the __________,the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions,groups,statuses,roles,and norms.

Accepted Answer

A)  mesolevel 
B)  macrolevel 
C)  ecolevel 
D)  microlevel

Question 5

Sociologist __________ initiated the ethnomethodology approach because he was critical of mainstream sociology for not recognizing the ongoing ways in which people create reality and produce their own world.

Accepted Answer

A)  Erving Goffman 
B)  Robert Merton 
C)  Emile Durkheim 
D)  Harold Garfinkel

Question 6

The Gemeinschaft refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability 
B)  a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values 
C)  a traditional society in which social relationships have come to be based on corporate procedures 
D)  a postindustrial social order in which traditionalism has been restored

Question 7

According to the text,__________ occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear.For example,it is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends.

Accepted Answer

A)  role expectation 
B)  role performance 
C)  role ambiguity 
D)  role alienation

Question 8

According to sociologist Everett Hughes,a(n) __________ status is the most important status a person occupies; it dominates all of the individual's other statuses and is the overriding ingredient in determining a person's general social position.

Accepted Answer

A)  occupational 
B)  master 
C)  achieved 
D)  ascribed

Question 9

Family,religion,education,the economy,the government (politics),mass media,sports,science and medicine,and the military are all examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  informal organizations 
B)  working groups 
C)  social institutions 
D)  social associations

Question 10

Describe sociologist Erving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis and explain what he meant by presentation of self.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe sociologist Erving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis and...

Question 11

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,__________ refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies,in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

Accepted Answer

A)  organic solidarity 
B)  mechanical solidarity 
C)  high-technology bonding 
D)  industrial cohesion

Question 12

People use role exiting techniques when they do not want others to take them as the "self" implied in a particular role,especially if they think the role is "beneath them."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A(n) __________ is any physical or social attribute or sign that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full social acceptance.

Accepted Answer

A)  deviant quality 
B)  stigma 
C)  anomic identity 
D)  label

Question 14

__________ occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Status inconsistency 
B)  Role strain 
C)  Status frustration 
D)  Role conflict

Question 15

For homeless women and men,___________ are not status symbols
As much as they are a link with the past,a hope for the future,and a
Potential source of immediate cash.

Accepted Answer

A)  occupational indicators 
B)  possessions 
C)  role performances 
D)  behavior expectations

Question 16

__________ theorists emphasize that social institutions exist because they perform five essential tasks: replacing members; teaching new members; producing,distributing,and consuming goods and services; preserving order; and providing and maintaining a sense of purpose.

Accepted Answer

A)  Premodern 
B)  Conflict 
C)  Functionalist 
D)  Symbolic interactionist

Question 17

__________,or presentation of self,refers to people's efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interests or image.

Accepted Answer

A)  Impression management 
B)  Presentational analysis 
C)  Dramaturgical presentation 
D)  Ethnomethodological introduction

Question 18

According to sociologist Arlie Hochschild,feeling rules apply to our occupational roles.Although all jobs place some burden on our feelings,__________ occurs only in jobs that require personal contact with the public or production of a state of mind (such as hope,desire,or fear) in others.

Accepted Answer

A)  demeanor 
B)  emotional labor 
C)  deference 
D)  external labor

Question 19

Define social group and explain the difference in primary groups and secondary groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define social group and explain the difference...

Question 20

The shaman,or religious leader,was common in which of the following types of societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  hunting and gathering 
B)  industrial 
C)  agrarian 
D)  horticultural and pastoral

Exam 5: Society,Social Structure,and Interaction