Question 1

What acoustic factors do we use to organize sound into perceptually-distinct auditory objects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What acoustic factors do we use to...

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT used to organize sound into perceptually-distinct auditory objects?

Accepted Answer

A)  timbre 
B)  pitch 
C)  meaning 
D)  timing

Question 3

Target pop-out is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  serial search 
B)  parallel search 
C)  conjunction search 
D)  none of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases the number of search errors (misses):

Accepted Answer

A)  target is not fixated (search does not blanket the search region) 
B)  target is fixated, but still not detectable 
C)  the target is placed in a known location 
D)  a premature stopping policy

Question 5

When is search easier (i.e., more likely to be parallel)

Accepted Answer

A)  when distractors are homogeneous and targets are defined by having a feature present 
B)  when distractors are heterogeneous and targets are defined by having a feature present 
C)  when distractors are homogeneous and targets are defined by having a feature absent 
D)  when distractors are heterogeneous and targets are defined by having a feature absent

Question 6

If the pitch separation between tones increases, at some point we would perceive:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fusion of two distinct streams into a single stream 
B)  no discernible change 
C)  a change in timing 
D)  the fission of a single stream into two distinct streams

Question 7

Which of the following would NOT be an example of an area of interest (AOI):

Accepted Answer

A)  a speedometer of a car 
B)  the surgical cavity of a patient 
C)  the point of gaze of an observer 
D)  an open window on a computer screen

Question 8

Quieter, attention grabbing auditory warnings are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  earcons 
B)  attensors 
C)  spearcons 
D)  alarms

Question 9

In attentional guidance, a peripheral cue:

Accepted Answer

A)  is located at the central cross 
B)  will provide a benefit even if at the wrong location 
C)  is more perceptually driven than a central cue 
D)  takes more time to process

Question 10

The serial self-terminating search (SSTS) model says that

Accepted Answer

A)  people search starting on the upper right of a display 
B)  there is always a specific order of search through the search field 
C)  when the target is found, the search is "self-terminated" 
D)  as the set size increases, search time decreases

Question 11

Which of the following type of auditory input characteristic does NOT grab our attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  personalized (e.g., own name) 
B)  loudness 
C)  non-speech sounds (e.g., tones) 
D)  semantically-related to the primary task

Question 12

Disorganizational clutter refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  distractors near the target 
B)  N 
C)  randomness of distractor locations 
D)  how different the distractors are from each other

Question 13

A study by Schlittmeier and Hellbruck (2009) found that instrumental music in offices:

Accepted Answer

A)  improved job satisfaction 
B)  reduced levels of disruption 
C)  improved employee retention 
D)  did not significantly reduce levels of disruption

Question 14

In the Stroop task, which condition will produce the slowest response times?

Accepted Answer

A)  the word blue in blue ink 
B)  a row of four Xs (XXXX) in blue ink 
C)  the word red in blue ink 
D)  the word red in red ink

Question 15

The cocktail party effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the attention-grabbing properties of spoken material containing your own name 
B)  our inability to selectively attend to one speaker when under the influence of alcohol 
C)  our inability to focus on a task in a noisy environment 
D)  our ability to selectively attend to one speaker in a noisy environment

Question 16

Which of the following statements about cue reliability is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  a more reliable peripheral cue will make it more likely that the observer will examine other display areas 
B)  when the cue is 100 percent reliable, it provides greater benefits than when it is less than 100 percent 
C)  attentional guidance through cueing is unrelated to highlighting in lists and menus 
D)  as the reliability of cueing improves, the costs when it is wrong are decreased

Question 17

The term ______ is used to describe those situations when changes in the environment are not noticed.

Accepted Answer

A)  irrelevant change effect 
B)  inattentional blindness 
C)  habituation 
D)  change blindness

Question 18

Why is office noise distracting and what can be done about it?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is office noise distracting and what...

Question 19

Which of the following disruptions to the visual scene is NOT found to accompany change blindness?

Accepted Answer

A)  flash 
B)  blink 
C)  blank screen 
D)  physical object occluding the scene

Question 20

Long-term exposure to moderate levels of aircraft noise has been found to:

Accepted Answer

A)  impair children's reading comprehension 
B)  reduce appetite 
C)  improve sleeping patterns in older adults 
D)  impair children's mathematical abilities

Exam 3: Attention in Perception and Display Space