Question 1

Failures of memory are closely associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  lapses 
B)  post completion errors 
C)  mode errors 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a variable that influence the compatibility between control movement and the movement of the controlled entity?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement in similar planes 
B)  population stereotypes 
C)  congruence of display movement 
D)  mismatching dimensions

Question 3

S-R compatibility can best be described as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  consistency of mapping 
B)  knowledge in the world 
C)  knowledge in the head 
D)  all of the above

Question 4

Identify and clearly describe five different categories of human error within the context of a model of human information processing. Provide one example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and clearly describe five different categories...

Question 5

Tversky's model of similarity-based confusion suggests that such confusion between two stimuli or messages is most accurately predicted by an increase in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of shared elements 
B)  the number of different elements 
C)  the ratio of different to total features 
D)  the ratio of shared to total features

Question 6

The two main classes of S-R compatibility are:

Accepted Answer

A)  location and movement 
B)  intrinsic and extrinsic 
C)  ego-centric and exo-centric 
D)  strategic and tactical

Question 7

In simple RT, Auditory RT is ____ than visual RT.

Accepted Answer

A)  about 30 msec faster 
B)  about ½ sec faster 
C)  about ½ sec slower 
D)  faster, except when the visual RT stimulus is foveal

Question 8

Which statement best expresses the relationship between compatibility and training?

Accepted Answer

A)  training can fully compensate for incompatible mappings 
B)  training will address location compatibility issues but not movement compatibility 
C)  training will address modality compatibility issues but not congruence problems 
D)  training can compensate for incompatibility except when under stress

Question 9

The reliability of two components is each 0.80. The probability that the total system will fail is 0.04 (4%). This means that the two components are probably:

Accepted Answer

A)  one human and one machine 
B)  arranged in parallel 
C)  arranged in series 
D)  serial human and parallel machine

Question 10

According to single channel theory of the psychological refractory period, increasing the complexity of processing the first arriving stimulus (S1) by ½ second will:

Accepted Answer

A)  not delay a response to the second arriving stimulus (RT2) 
B)  delay RT2 by ½ second 
C)  delay RT2 by more than ½ second (by an amount depending on the interstimulus interval) 
D)  delay RT2 by less than ½ second (by an amount depending on the interstimulus interval

Question 11

Describe the difference between parallel and serial configurations of error-prone (reliability < 1.0) components. Show how to compute the overall system reliability with each of these two configurations (assuming each has two components).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the difference between parallel and serial...

Question 12

What are characteristics of the response that appear to influence RT?

Accepted Answer

A)  RT is lengthened as the confusability between the response is increased 
B)  RT is lengthened by the complexity of the response 
C)  all of the above 
D)  none of the above

Question 13

According to the Norman/Reason error taxonomy, there are four major categories of human errors. Which of the following is not one of these, according to the taxonomy:

Accepted Answer

A)  rule based mistakes 
B)  slips 
C)  congruence errors 
D)  lapses

Question 14

Practice is found to have a progressively greater benefit on RT:

Accepted Answer

A)  when speed is stressed 
B)  when compatibility is low 
C)  for younger people 
D)  when responses are repeated

Question 15

An exception to the repetition effect normally found in RT studies occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)  when the response choice (N) is high 
B)  in the gambler's fallacy 
C)  when the choices are discriminable (easy) 
D)  when compatibility is low

Question 16

When the colocation principle cannot be applied, a good substitution is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Warrick principle 
B)  movement compatibility 
C)  the clockwise to increase stereotype 
D)  congruence principle

Question 17

In difficult diagnosis, people engage in what is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  environmentally based behavior 
B)  ecological behavior 
C)  rule based behavior 
D)  knowledge based behavior

Question 18

When the warning interval is variable, long warning intervals produce:

Accepted Answer

A)  long RT because of expectancy 
B)  long RT because of primacy 
C)  short RT because of expectancy 
D)  short RT because of primacy

Question 19

The use of phone numbers like "1-800-DONATE CARS" will:

Accepted Answer

A)  help working memory but degrade S-R compatibility 
B)  hurt working memory but help S-R compatibility 
C)  help both working memory and S-R compatibility 
D)  hurt both working memory and S-R compatibility

Question 20

Delayed feedback of responses in serial RT will be least disruptive when such feedback is _____ and the user is a (an) _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic (to the response), a novice 
B)  intrinsic, a novice 
C)  extrinsic, an expert 
D)  intrinsic, an expert

Exam 9: Selection of Action