Question 1

Two year old Luke pointed to a cow in a pasture and said "Doggie!" Which of the following is the child using to name the animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memorization 
B)  Assimilation 
C)  Preoperational thought 
D)  Accommodation

Question 2

Watson believed that children could be trained to do anything through

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation of the environment. 
B)  sensory deprivation. 
C)  focus on meeting early basic needs. 
D)  biological conditioning.

Question 3

Which of the following results in behaviors which are difficult to extinguish?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  The application of conditioned stimuli 
C)  Continuous reinforcement schedules 
D)  Partial reinforcement schedules

Question 4

Which aspect of our personality demands to be satisfied in physically pleasurable ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Executive control of the ego 
B)  Moral guardian of the superego 
C)  Libido of the id 
D)  Reality principle of the superego

Question 5

Which of the following theories is concerned with the developmental aspects of thinking, memory, and logic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive 
B)  Social 
C)  Psychodynamic 
D)  Behavioral

Question 6

Of the following concepts, which is an aspect of the sociobiology theory of human development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulus and response 
B)  Cognitive deficits 
C)  Social rules and behaviors that ensure survival 
D)  Defense mechanisms

Question 7

A self-absorbed, nongenerative adult who is not concerned with establishing and guiding a new generation will be at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Isolation 
B)  Stagnation 
C)  Inferiority 
D)  Mistrust

Question 8

An adult adapts a process to a child's developmental level in order to assist the child in developing a new skill or ability. What would Vygotsky call this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scaffolding 
B)  Assisting 
C)  Accommodating 
D)  Adapting

Question 9

Summarize the repressed memory controversy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the repressed memory controversy....

Question 10

Developmentalists who study children's cognitive development from a Piagetian perspective and from an information-processing perspective would agree upon which of the following observations about children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  The development of memory is not an important aspect of cognitive development. 
B)  Cognitive development occurs as a result of diversified experiences in an enriched environment. 
C)  The development of logical thinking is based upon processes that are less complex than conditioned responses. 
D)  Age is not a determining factor in how children manage and process information to think about and act upon the world.

Question 11

"Social interactions are the most important contributors to a child's healthy development." Which of the following theories would most likely support this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social learning 
B)  Cognitive 
C)  Behavioral 
D)  Sociocultural

Question 12

I believe that we need to understand an individual's ability to adapt to their environment in order to explain their development. From which theory am I working?

Accepted Answer

The answer of I believe that we need to understand...

Question 13

Which of the following is the MOST correct statement regarding repressed memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most adults who were abused as children have no recollection of the abuse. 
B)  The best way to get at repressed memories is for the therapist to suggest that such memories exist. 
C)  It is highly unlikely that false memories will be retrieved because of the inaccuracy of human memory. 
D)  The perpetrators of abuse are more likely to forget the incidents than are the victims.

Question 14

According to Piaget, what is a scheme?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget, what is a scheme?...

Question 15

According to Piaget's theory, which of the following best applies to the process of assimilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changing a scheme as a result of acquiring new information 
B)  Being shaped by the environment 
C)  Using an internal model of experience 
D)  Using an existing scheme to make sense of an event or experience

Question 16

Erikson's is a psychosocial theory because it involves which type of interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Between internal drives and environmental consequences 
B)  Between internal drives and unregulated emotions 
C)  Between internal drives and cultural demands 
D)  Between internal drives and social instincts

Question 17

Briefly describe the function of the id in human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the function of the id...

Question 18

Which of the following best defines the term conservation according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child learns the importance of recycling. 
B)  The child learns to use the minimal number of words necessary to communicate an idea. 
C)  The child learns the importance of treating their environment with respect by keeping it clean and uncluttered. 
D)  The child learns that when an object changes shape, its quantity remains the same.

Question 19

In terms of usefulness and reliability, which of the following is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is far more useful than information-processing theory because it has more empirical support. 
B)  It relies too much on empiricism to support its application. 
C)  There is insufficient evidence at present to either support or contradict most of his theory. 
D)  It has more empirical and research support than Piaget's theory.

Question 20

Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of human development places primary emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)  children's biological needs. 
B)  the interactions among the contexts in which children live and develop. 
C)  genetic or hereditary patterns. 
D)  environmental stimuli that elicit and reinforce behavior.

Exam 2: Theories of Development