Question 1

In English Law, when is corroboration required by statute? S89 (2) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 provies that a person may not be convicted of speeding on the basis of the uncorroborated evidence of one witness who has expressed an opinion that the defendant was speeding.

Accepted Answer

A)  Speeding Offences
B)  Parking Offences
C)  Theft Offences
D)  Offences against a person A

Question 2

The case of R v Makanjuola confirms that a judge cannot give a warning to the jury for the lack of corrobartive evidence. The judge has discretion whether to issue such a warning and the nature of of the warning. A judge is likely to use this warning if the witness is show to have lied in the trial

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Breaches of Code D will automatically result in the evidence being excluded under S78 PACE. The nature of the breach and the quality of the identification evidence is crucial when the court exercises its discretion under S78. Exclusion is not automatic - (R v Forbes)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which of the following questions must jurors take into account following the Turnbull Guidlines? The Turnbull guidelines were laid down by the Court of Appeal in 1977 to remind the jury of the possible dangers of identification evidence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Had the witness seen the suspect before?
B)  At what distance was the suspect under observation?
C)  How long were they under observation?
D)  In what light?

Question 5

In the law relating to identification evidence, when will a judge direct an acquital to the jury? A judge must make a serious objective decision whether the identification evidence alone justifies leaving the case to the jury (R v Shervington 2008)

Accepted Answer

A)  If evidence is based on a fleeting visit
B)  If the witness saw the suspect for a long period of time
C)  If there is no other supporting evidence
D)  If the witness knows the suspect in question
E)  All of the above

Question 6

The Turnbull guidelines do not apply in cases where the prosecution seek to rely on voice identification evidence. According to Reid v R (1990), judges are required to given an even more stringent version of the Turnbull warning as it has be shown that experts giving evidence can still make mistakes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An attempt to kill the Queen is subject to mandatory corroboration requirements. S1 Treason Act and and S2 (2)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Criminal courts may convict on the uncorroborated terstimony of one witness In English Law, a verdict can be based on evidence of a single witness or a confession. Subject to the few remaining exceptions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which significant case led to the creation of the Court of Appeal? The notorious case of Adolf Beckm who had been mistakenly identified by a numbe of victims of theft and fraud, let to the creation of the Court of Appeal in 1907. It took the courts 70 years to lay down guidelines on the possbility of mistaken identity.

Accepted Answer

A)  R v Curry
B)  R v Daley
C)  R v Turnbull
D)  R v Beck

Question 10

Which of the following statements is incorrect? In-court identifications are usally frowned upon, a judge could use their discretion under S78 PACE to have the evidence excluded as it would be unfair.

Accepted Answer

A)  Police tend to use video identification now instead of the traditional identificataion parade
B)  The identification parade procedure could make a witness choose a suspect under pressure
C)  Identification proceudres should not be held if it is not praticable
D)  In court identifications are commonly during a trial

Question 11

Daniel, a witness to a crime, recognises his best friend Sam stealing a car on CCTV images produced by the court. Can the jury rely on this evidence? Using the case of A-G Reference (No 2 of 2002), it was held a jury can rely upon photogrpahic evidence in deciding whether the defendant committed the offence, where a witness knows the defendant sufficiently well to recognise the offender depicted in the photogrpahic image.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Daniel, a witness to a crime, recognises...

Question 12

Which country within the United Kingdom does not allow a conviction on the evidence of a single testimony? Under Scottish law, there is a requirement for corroborating evidence, as the possibility of an unjust outcome is reduced if the verdict is based on more than piece of evidence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Enlgand
B)  Wales
C)  Scotland
D)  Northern Ireland

Question 13

Identification evidence is always reliable The nature of identification evidence means that it is often unreliable. The Turnbull guidelines provide some assistance in this area of law and although, the evidence can be suspect, it may still be admissible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the translation of the Latin test maxim testis unus testis nullusrelating to corroboration, used in many continental legal systems? The effect means that a conviction should not be secured on the basis of one persons testimony alone. This is not the stance currently taken under English common law.

Accepted Answer

A)  One witness holds the truth
B)  One witness is no witness
C)  One witness will suffice
D)  One witness is as good as three

Question 15

Which Statute curtailed the need for obligatory warnings in the absence of corroboration of particular witnesses? S32 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act removed the need for the judge to warn of the dangers of convicting in the absence of corroboration where the proescution witness was a complainant in a sexual offence or where they were an accomplice

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Statute curtailed the need for obligatory...

Exam 9: Suspect Evidence : Corroboration and Identification

In English Law, when is corroboration required by statute? S89 (2) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 provies that a person may not be convicted of speeding on the basis of the uncorroborated evidence of one witness who has expressed an opinion that the defendant was speeding.

The case of R v Makanjuola confirms that a judge cannot give a warning to the jury for the lack of corrobartive evidence. The judge has discretion whether to issue such a warning and the nature of of the warning. A judge is likely to use this warning if the witness is show to have lied in the trial

Breaches of Code D will automatically result in the evidence being excluded under S78 PACE. The nature of the breach and the quality of the identification evidence is crucial when the court exercises its discretion under S78. Exclusion is not automatic - (R v Forbes)

Which of the following questions must jurors take into account following the Turnbull Guidlines? The Turnbull guidelines were laid down by the Court of Appeal in 1977 to remind the jury of the possible dangers of identification evidence.

In the law relating to identification evidence, when will a judge direct an acquital to the jury? A judge must make a serious objective decision whether the identification evidence alone justifies leaving the case to the jury (R v Shervington 2008)

An attempt to kill the Queen is subject to mandatory corroboration requirements. S1 Treason Act and and S2 (2)

Criminal courts may convict on the uncorroborated terstimony of one witness In English Law, a verdict can be based on evidence of a single witness or a confession. Subject to the few remaining exceptions.

Which of the following statements is incorrect? In-court identifications are usally frowned upon, a judge could use their discretion under S78 PACE to have the evidence excluded as it would be unfair.

Which country within the United Kingdom does not allow a conviction on the evidence of a single testimony? Under Scottish law, there is a requirement for corroborating evidence, as the possibility of an unjust outcome is reduced if the verdict is based on more than piece of evidence.

Identification evidence is always reliable The nature of identification evidence means that it is often unreliable. The Turnbull guidelines provide some assistance in this area of law and although, the evidence can be suspect, it may still be admissible.