Question 1

The criterion of verifiability requires that the theorist specify observations which would refute the
prediction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The term __________ refers to a theoretical model that has been generally accepted by scientists in a field (such as personality psychology).

Accepted Answer

A)  paradigm 
B)  construct 
C)  theory 
D)  hypothesis

Question 3

Behavioral measures help develop an understanding of personality in its real-world context.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

To determine whether a person died of suicide, psychologists may carry out a psychological autopsy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An intensive investigation of a single individual is called a case study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Basic research is intended to advance theory and scientific knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An approach that combines aspects of several different theories is called

Accepted Answer

A)  eclectic. 
B)  heuristic. 
C)  nomothetic. 
D)  experimental.

Question 8

Based on test scores, U.S. students have been increasing in self-esteem, extraversion, anxiety, and neuroticism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Explain what is meant by "reliability" of measurement. Are reliable measures always valid? Why
or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is meant by "reliability" of...

Question 10

Correlational research

Accepted Answer

A)  is used to demonstrate causal relationships among variables. 
B)  is seldom used in the field of personality. 
C)  cannot determine causality underlying observed relationships among variables. 
D)  includes independent and dependent variables.

Question 11

Rae Carlson (1971) criticized nomothetic personality research. Which of the following is included in her criticism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers have failed to understand individuals as whole persons. 
B)  Researchers have failed to use appropriate statistics. 
C)  Researchers have ignored theory. 
D)  Researchers have studied too many different kinds of people.

Question 12

Which of the following procedures can determine cause-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational research. 
B)  factor analysis. 
C)  experimental research. 
D)  the case study.

Question 13

A theory that has suggested new ideas for later theories and research, is said to have

Accepted Answer

A)  applied value. 
B)  heuristic value. 
C)  parsimony. 
D)  empirical validity.

Question 14

Biological influences result in differences in styles of behavior and emotional reactions in infancy and afterwards. Which term best describes such differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  personality 
B)  trait 
C)  type 
D)  temperament

Question 15

A personality measure that produces consistent scores from one time to another is

Accepted Answer

A)  valid. 
B)  useless. 
C)  reliable. 
D)  projective.

Question 16

A measure in which a person is given a score on some dimension, for example, a score of 61 or 85 on a 100-point scale of "traditionality", is a __________ measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  qualitative 
B)  quantitative. 
C)  factorial 
D)  typological

Question 17

A researcher is interested in testing the proposition that being in a good mood causes increased cooperation among children at school. This can be tested by conducting an experiment in which the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)  mood. 
B)  being in school. 
C)  cooperation. 
D)  age.

Question 18

Sam is taking a personality test for the second time. The first time he was simply guessing at answers. The second time, he remembers how he answered before, and answers the same way in order to be consistent. The test will probably be

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable but not necessarily valid. 
B)  valid but not reliable. 
C)  neither reliable nor valid. 
D)  both reliable and valid.

Question 19

Categories of people with similar characteristics are called

Accepted Answer

A)  factors. 
B)  traits. 
C)  types. 
D)  sets.

Question 20

Personality researchers use

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report measures. 
B)  projective tests. 
C)  behavioral measures. 
D)  all of the above

Exam 1: Introduction to Personality Theory

The criterion of verifiability requires that the theorist specify observations which would refute the prediction.

The term __________ refers to a theoretical model that has been generally accepted by scientists in a field (such as personality psychology) .

Behavioral measures help develop an understanding of personality in its real-world context.

To determine whether a person died of suicide, psychologists may carry out a psychological autopsy.

An intensive investigation of a single individual is called a case study.

Basic research is intended to advance theory and scientific knowledge.

An approach that combines aspects of several different theories is called

Based on test scores, U.S. students have been increasing in self-esteem, extraversion, anxiety, and neuroticism.

Explain what is meant by "reliability" of measurement. Are reliable measures always valid? Why or why not?

Correlational research

Rae Carlson (1971) criticized nomothetic personality research. Which of the following is included in her criticism?

Which of the following procedures can determine cause-effect relationships?

A theory that has suggested new ideas for later theories and research, is said to have

Biological influences result in differences in styles of behavior and emotional reactions in infancy and afterwards. Which term best describes such differences?

A personality measure that produces consistent scores from one time to another is

A measure in which a person is given a score on some dimension, for example, a score of 61 or 85 on a 100-point scale of "traditionality", is a __________ measure.

A researcher is interested in testing the proposition that being in a good mood causes increased cooperation among children at school. This can be tested by conducting an experiment in which the dependent variable is

Sam is taking a personality test for the second time. The first time he was simply guessing at answers. The second time, he remembers how he answered before, and answers the same way in order to be consistent. The test will probably be

Categories of people with similar characteristics are called

Personality researchers use