Question 1

Radical theorists believe that practically all crime:

Accepted Answer

A)  is learned because agencies of socialization are ineffective 
B)  is a reaction to political and economic structures 
C)  is caused by strong subcultural pressures 
D)  is due to the migration of norms 
E)  results from social disorganization

Question 2

Sellin's theory of "culture conflict" describes how conflicts in norms emerge from:

Accepted Answer

A)  social pathologies 
B)  cultural growth 
C)  population declines 
D)  authoritarian politics 
E)  primary deviance

Question 3

Radical theorists appear to be more concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A)  property crimes than with violent crime 
B)  violent crime than with white collar crime 
C)  property crime than with white collar crime 
D)  violent crime than with property crime 
E)  white collar crime than with violent crime

Question 4

What are the assumptions of conflict theories? Give examples of groups in conflict.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the assumptions of conflict theories?...

Question 5

Which is not an assumption of the labeling perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rule enforcement is situational 
B)  Rule enforcement is consistent 
C)  Rule-breaking is not necessarily deviant 
D)  Deviance is a function of social response

Question 6

The authors argue that deviant responses are supported by the learning of traditions, rewards, and motives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The gay liberation movement and the increasing militancy of the handicapped are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  primary deviance 
B)  secondary deviance 
C)  tertiary deviance 
D)  quartile deviance 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Richard Quinney says there is an American ruling class consisting of the owners and controllers of the means of production, plus those who benefit directly from the system, who have the power to manipulate the criminal justice system in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to Labeling theorists, societal reaction in the form of labeling or official typing, and consequent stigmatizing, leads to an altered identity in the actor, necessitation a reconstitution of the self.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

According to Howard S. Becker, deviance is the result of efforts by persons who, perceiving a threat, act as _____________ to obtain appropriate legislation and enforcement to bring the behavior under control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Howard S. Becker, deviance is...

Question 11

Richard Quinney, a radical theorist, argues that crimes of domination:

Accepted Answer

A)  are in integral aspect of capitalism 
B)  are found primarily among the lower classes 
C)  involve offenses such as rape and child abuse 
D)  are linked to anomie 
E)  stem from excessive labeling

Question 12

Austin T. Turk presents a theory of criminalization based upon the concept of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Austin T. Turk presents a theory of...

Question 13

Radical criminologists stress the importance of the ________ in defining what is deviant and the importance of class position in determining whether one's behavior will be defined as deviant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Radical criminologists stress the importance of the...

Question 14

Thorsten Sellin's Culture Conflict Theory concerns the relationship between economic classes and crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to the labeling perspective, the final step in the deviant career sequence is:

Accepted Answer

A)  involvement in an organized deviant group 
B)  dropping out or retreating from social interactions 
C)  societal reaction 
D)  a deviant self-image

Question 16

The labeling perspective emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the nature and consequences of rule-making and rule enforcement 
B)  the role of value consensus in deciding what is deviant 
C)  the importance of de-regulation 
D)  the importance of anomie in explaining deviance 
E)  the nature of how groups contribute to an individual's learning deviant norms

Question 17

According to a traditional viewpoint what is the operation of criminal law, the consequences of crime for society, and the etiology of crime? Compare to a radical approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a traditional viewpoint what is...

Question 18

How does labeling theory explain deviance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does labeling theory explain deviance?...

Question 19

The labeling perspective is most compatible with the view of society as:

Accepted Answer

A)  being in consensus concerning the prohibition of certain behaviors 
B)  composed of competing interest groups 
C)  a social system 
D)  homogeneous 
E)  c and d above

Question 20

Austin T. Turk's theory of criminalization is based on the concepts of:

Accepted Answer

A)  status inconsistency and human aspirations 
B)  secondary and tertiary deviations 
C)  lack of socialization and social disorganization 
D)  disjunction between means and goals 
E)  authority and power

Exam 3: Why is Certain Behavior Deviant?

Radical theorists believe that practically all crime:

Sellin's theory of "culture conflict" describes how conflicts in norms emerge from:

Radical theorists appear to be more concerned with:

What are the assumptions of conflict theories? Give examples of groups in conflict.

Which is not an assumption of the labeling perspective?

The authors argue that deviant responses are supported by the learning of traditions, rewards, and motives.

The gay liberation movement and the increasing militancy of the handicapped are examples of:

Richard Quinney says there is an American ruling class consisting of the owners and controllers of the means of production, plus those who benefit directly from the system, who have the power to manipulate the criminal justice system in the United States.

According to Labeling theorists, societal reaction in the form of labeling or official typing, and consequent stigmatizing, leads to an altered identity in the actor, necessitation a reconstitution of the self.

According to Howard S. Becker, deviance is the result of efforts by persons who, perceiving a threat, act as _____________ to obtain appropriate legislation and enforcement to bring the behavior under control.

Richard Quinney, a radical theorist, argues that crimes of domination:

Austin T. Turk presents a theory of criminalization based upon the concept of _________.

Radical criminologists stress the importance of the ________ in defining what is deviant and the importance of class position in determining whether one's behavior will be defined as deviant.

Thorsten Sellin's Culture Conflict Theory concerns the relationship between economic classes and crime.

According to the labeling perspective, the final step in the deviant career sequence is:

The labeling perspective emphasizes:

According to a traditional viewpoint what is the operation of criminal law, the consequences of crime for society, and the etiology of crime? Compare to a radical approach.

How does labeling theory explain deviance?

The labeling perspective is most compatible with the view of society as:

Austin T. Turk's theory of criminalization is based on the concepts of: