Question 1

__________ include stories about changes in the U. S. poverty rate and articles about states and cities that have had the largest increases in poverty. Most articles of this type are abstract and impersonal, primarily presenting data and some expert's interpretation of what those data mean.

Accepted Answer

A)  Procedural framing
B)  Thematic framing
C)  Semantic framing
D)  Episodic framing B

Question 2

Describe the processes of role distancing and role exiting.

Accepted Answer

Individuals frequently distance themselves from a role they find extremely stressful or otherwise problematic. Role distancing occurs when people consciously foster the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role and merely go through the motions of role performance. Role exit occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity. According to sociologist Helen Ebaugh, (who studied this process by interviewing ex-convicts, ex-nuns, retirees, divorced men and women, and others who had exited voluntarily from significant social roles), role exit occurs in four stages. The first stage is doubt, in which people experience frustration or burnout when they reflect on their existing roles. The second stage involves a search for alternatives; here, people may take a leave of absence from their work or temporarily separate from their marriage partner. The third stage is the turning point, at which people realize that they must take some final action, such as quitting their job or getting a divorce. The fourth and final stage involves the creation of a new identity.

Question 3

It is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends. Should it end at age 18 or 21? When a person is no longer in school? When the expectations associated with a role are unclear, __________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  role expectation
B)  role performance
C)  role alienation
D)  role ambiguity D

Question 4

On December 7ᵗʰ, Charles has a final exam at 7:00 p.m., when he is supposed to be working. Meanwhile, Stephanie (his girlfriend) is pressuring him to take her to a movie. To top it off, his mother calls, asking him to fly home because his father is going to have emergency surgery. Sociologists would say that Charles is experiencing __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  role performance
B)  role ambiguity
C)  role conflict
D)  role alienation

Question 5

__________ occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Status rejection
B)  Role ambiguity
C)  Role exit
D)  Role rejection

Question 6

A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs.

Accepted Answer

A)  group
B)  social organization
C)  social institution
D)  working group

Question 7

Jack is a freshman at the local college. As a student, he is feeling pressure. He wants to party like the rest of his fraternity brothers, while at the same time, he wants to maintain his 4.0 grade point average. Sociologists would say that Jack is experiencing _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  role conflict
B)  role incompatibility
C)  role reversal
D)  role strain

Question 8

According to sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies, the __________ is a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gemeinschaft
B)  Patriarchy
C)  Gesellschaft
D)  Matriarchy

Question 9

When people are proud of a particular social status that they occupy, they often choose to use visible means to let others know about their position. __________ are material signs that inform others of a person's specific status.

Accepted Answer

A)  Occupational indicators
B)  Consumables
C)  Status symbols
D)  Conspicuous possessions

Question 10

Wearing a wedding ring proclaims that a person is married, and owning a Rolls-Royce announces that one has "made it." These are examples of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  status symbols
B)  conspicuous consumption
C)  consumables
D)  cultural capital

Question 11

In relation to social interaction (the microlevel perspective), discuss sociologist Erving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In relation to social interaction (the microlevel...

Question 12

All jobs place some burden on our feelings; however, __________ occurs only in jobs that require personal contact with the public or the production of a state of mind (such as hope, desire, or fear) in others.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive labor
B)  emotional labor
C)  psychological labor
D)  sociological labor

Question 13

Sociologist Harold Garfinkel developed dramaturgy-the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In relation to social interaction (the microlevel perspective) discuss sociologist Harold Garfinkel's ethnomethodology approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In relation to social interaction (the microlevel...

Question 15

__________ is how a person actually plays a role.

Accepted Answer

A)  Role expectation
B)  Expected behavior
C)  Normative evaluation
D)  Role performance

Question 16

Define and give an example of: role conflict, role strain, and role exit. How do they differ from another?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and give an example of: role...

Question 17

Describe sociologist Emile Durkheim's typology of mechanical and organic solidarity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe sociologist Emile Durkheim's typology of mechanical...

Question 18

Based on sociologist Emile Durkheim's viewpoint, __________ derives from a society's social structure, which, in turn, is based on the society's division of labor. This division of labor refers to how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed.

Accepted Answer

A)  social solidarity
B)  social bonding
C)  social collection
D)  social grouping

Question 19

What are some of the ways in which you and your school can help the homeless?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the ways in...

Question 20

A convicted criminal, wearing a prison uniform, is an example of a person who has been __________; the uniform says that the person has done something wrong and should not be allowed unsupervised outside the prison walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  alienated
B)  marginalized
C)  dislabeled
D)  stigmatized

Exam 4: Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life.