Question 1

At age 10, Paige spent hours sorting and resorting her collection of bracelets, grouping them first by color, then by size, and finally by shape. Paige has become aware of

Accepted Answer

A)  transitive inference. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  classification hierarchies. 
D)  decentration.

Question 2

Gifted children

Accepted Answer

A)  have more friends than their peers. 
B)  often have low self-esteem. 
C)  rarely hide their abilities. 
D)  usually become highly creative adults.

Question 3

Gifted children fare well

Accepted Answer

A)  when they enter highly selective high schools. 
B)  in programs that emphasize problem solving, critical thinking, and creativity. 
C)  in programs that keep them with their agemates, but not in programs that advance them to higher grades. 
D)  in programs that advance them to higher grades, but not in programs that pull them out of their regular classrooms for special instruction.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best characterizes Piaget's view of cognitive development in middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous improvement in logical skills 
B)  discontinuous restructuring of children's thinking 
C)  biological prewiring of processes 
D)  random change in cognitive processes

Question 5

Because school-age children have difficulty putting what they know about thinking into action, they are not yet good at

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive self-regulation. 
B)  metacognition. 
C)  problem solving. 
D)  conservation.

Question 6

How are gifted, creative, and talented students identified? What are some characteristics they share?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are gifted, creative, and talented students...

Question 7

The most common treatment for ADHD is

Accepted Answer

A)  prescription stimulant medication. 
B)  family intervention. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  therapy.

Question 8

Mrs. Hartley asked her second graders to draw a map of the school using their memory. The students' cognitive maps will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  have an accurate arrangement. 
B)  include landmarks. 
C)  incorporate map symbols and a key. 
D)  depict an organized route of travel.

Question 9

Daniella listens to and tells stories but rarely draws pictures. Daniella displays ______ advanced central conceptual structures in ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; storytelling 
B)  no; storytelling 
C)  more; storytelling 
D)  more; drawing

Question 10

Test designers use __________ to identify the various abilities that intelligence tests measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  normative data 
B)  observational studies 
C)  confidence intervals 
D)  factor analysis

Question 11

Which of the following is true about inclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  All students benefit academically from inclusion, but not all benefit socially. 
B)  All students benefit socially from inclusion, but not all benefit academically. 
C)  Achievement gains depend on the severity of the disability and the support services available. 
D)  Students with mental retardation can interact adeptly in conversations and games with their classmates and, therefore, are rarely rejected socially.

Question 12

Mr. Ryan and two to four of his pupils form a cooperative learning group and take turns leading dialogues on the content of a text passage. Mr. Ryan is using

Accepted Answer

A)  an open classroom. 
B)  culturally responsive instruction. 
C)  reciprocal teaching. 
D)  peer tutoring.

Question 13

Around age 8 to 10, children's cognitive maps

Accepted Answer

A)  show scale. 
B)  include map symbols. 
C)  show landmarks along an organized route of travel. 
D)  are accurately arranged and labeled.

Question 14

Gardner's theory has sparked the development of programs to provide enrichment to all students. Which of the following is true regarding these programs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each student is encouraged to focus on only one specific area of interest or one particular talent. 
B)  They are not useful in identifying minority children who are underrepresented in school programs for the gifted. 
C)  Research has demonstrated the overwhelming effectiveness of such programs in nurturing children's talents. 
D)  They highlight the strengths of students who were previously considered ordinary or even at-risk.

Question 15

_____________ was designed to downplay culture-dependent information, which is emphasized on only one factor (verbal reasoning).

Accepted Answer

A)  The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, 
B)  The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV 
C)  Sternberg's triarchic theory 
D)  Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Question 16

Ms. Aragon and her young son recently moved to the United States from Mexico. She is considering whether to enroll him in a bilingual education program or immerse him in an English-only school. How would you advise her?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ms. Aragon and her young son recently...

Question 17

Mrs. Hopfensperger provides her second-graders with opportunities to communicate in many situations. Her students show gains in the communicative side of language. Mrs. Hopfensperger emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  pragmatics. 
B)  semantics. 
C)  grammar. 
D)  syntax.

Question 18

Elaboration is most likely to be used by

Accepted Answer

A)  preschoolers. 
B)  children in early elementary school. 
C)  adolescents and young adults. 
D)  children with ADHD.

Question 19

The __________ items on an intelligence test are assumed to assess more biologically based skills.

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal 
B)  spatial reasoning 
C)  fact-oriented 
D)  culturally based

Question 20

Over middle childhood, Reyandre, an African American, became increasingly conscious of ethnic stereotypes. By early adolescence, she stopped caring about her grades and said that school was not important to her. Reyandre's attitude is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotype threat. 
B)  disengagement. 
C)  dynamic assessment. 
D)  an educational bias.

Exam 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood